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The European Physical Journal Applied Physics

Enhancement of quantum-enhanced LADAR receiver in nonideal phase-sensitive amplification

Zhang Shuan, Hongjun Liu, Nan Huang, Zhaolu Wang, Jing Han

Published Jun 1, 2017• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) with an injected squeezed vacuum field is theoretically investigated in quantum-enhanced laser detection and ranging (LADAR) receiver. The theoretical model of the amplified process is derived to investigate the quantum fluctuations in detail. A new method of mitigating the unflat gain of nonideal PSA is proposed by adjusting the squeezed angle of the squeezed vacuum field. The simulation results indicate that signal-noise ratio (SNR) of system can be efficiently improved and close to the ideal case by this method. This research will provide an important potential in the applications of quantum-enhanced LADAR receiver.

DOI
10.1051/epjap/2017170113

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The phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) with an injected squeezed vacuum field is theoretically investigated in quantum-enhanced laser detection and ranging (LADAR) receiver. The theoretical model of the amplified process is derived to investigate the quantum fluctuations in detail. A new method of mitigating the unflat gain of nonideal PSA is proposed by adjusting the squeezed angle of the squeezed vacuum field. The simulation results indicate that signal-noise ratio (SNR) of system can be efficiently improved and close to the ideal case by this method. This research will provide an important potential in the applications of quantum-enhanced LADAR receiver.
We demonstrate a balanced-homodyne LADAR receiver employing a phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) to raise the effective photon detection efficiency (PDE) to nearly 100%. Since typical LADAR receivers suffer from losses in the receive optical train that routinely limit overall PDE to less than 50% thus degrading SNR, PSA can provide significant improvement through amplification with noise figure near 0 dB. Receiver inefficiencies arise from sub-unity quantum efficiency, array fill factors, signal-local oscillator mixing efficiency (in coherent receivers), etc. The quantum-enhanced LADAR receiver described herein is employed in target discrimination scenarios as well as in imaging applications. We present results showing the improvement in detection performance achieved with a PSA, and discuss the performance advantage when compared to the use of a phase-insensitive amplifier, which cannot amplify noiselessly.
The use of quantum resources—squeezed-vacuum injection (SVI) and noise-free phase-sensitive amplification (PSA)—at the receiver of a soft-aperture homodyne-detection LAser Detection And Ranging (LADAR) system is shown to afford significant improvement in the receiver's spatial resolution. This improvement originates from the potential for SVI to ameliorate the loss of high-spatial-frequency information about a target or target complex that is due to soft-aperture attenuation in the LADAR's entrance pupil, and the value of PSA in realizing that potential despite inefficiency in the LADAR's homodyne detection system. We show this improvement quantitatively by calculating lower error rates—in comparison with those of a standard homodyne detection system—for a one-target versus two-target hypothesis test. We also exhibit the effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement provided by SVI and PSA in simulated imagery.
Theory has shown [1] that the quantum enhancements afforded by squeezed-vacuum injection (SVI) and phasesensitive amplification (PSA) can improve the spatial resolution of a soft-aperture, homodyne-detection laserradar (ladar) system. Here we show they can improve the range resolution of such a ladar system. In particular, because an experimental PSA-enhanced system is being built whose slow photodetectors imply multi-pulse integration, we develop range-measurement theory that encompasses its processing architecture. We allow the target to have an arbitrary mixture of specular and speckle components, and present computer simulation results demonstrating the range-resolution improvement that accrues from quantum enhancement with PSA.
A quantum-enhanced receiver that uses squeezed vacuum injection (SVI) and phase sensitive amplification (PSA) is in principle capable of obtaining effective signal to noise ratio (SNR) improvement in a soft-aperture homodyne-detection LAser Detection And Ranging (LADAR) system over the classical homodyne LADAR to image a far-away target. Here we investigate the performance of quantum-enhanced receiver in Λ-type soft aperture LADAR for target imaging. We also use fast Fourier transform (FFT) Algorithm to simulate LADAR intensity image, and give a comparison of the SNR improvement of soft aperture case and hard aperture case.
Quantum states are essential resource for quantum-enhanced applications. Loss incurred in the distribution channel, however, dissipates the high signal-to-noise ratio advantage enjoyed by the squeezed state. Here, we first demonstrate noise immunity enhancement by using phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) with measurement-based noiseless linear amplifier (MB-NLA). We explore the signal transfer capability with the amplifier in a noisy channel. The MB-NLA enhanced PSA has obvious suppression effect on channel noises, especially it has improvement for the noise contaminated signal. Better performance can be achieved by flexibly adjusting amplifier parameters. With the amplifier, it is promising to overcome the entanglement-distribution loss and show its superiority in squeezing based quantum sensing.
Quantum fluctuations in an optical amplifier are of fundamental as well as technological significance and lead to basic limitations on noise performance. It is well-known that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of an injected signal is degraded in the amplification process due to added noise from thermal or (at best) vacuum fluctuations of the internal modes of the amplifier.[1] However, if the internal modes are coupled to a squeezed vacuum, the added noise in amplification can be reduced.[2] With this motivation, we have constructed a nondegenerate parametric amplifier whose idler mode is itself coupled to a squeezed vacuum, which is generated by a second parametric amplifier. Phase-sensitive noise amplification of a vacuum input to the signal mode is observed with the minimum amplified noise level 0.5dB below the usual phase-insensitive amplified noise level for the amplified signal of the same amplifier but with the idler mode coupled to a vacuum state. Prospects for improvement by increasing the squeezing that is coupled into the idler mode of the amplifier beyond the current level of 2dB as well as surprising results from our theoretical analysis which includes losses will be discussed.