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Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física

More on the quantum harmonic oscillator via unilateral Fourier transform

Douglas Willian Vieira, Antonio S. de Castro

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The stationary states of the quantum harmonic oscillator are properly determined by means of the unilateral Fourier transform without having to recourse to the properties of the confluent hypergeometric functions. This simpler procedure is reminiscent of the algebraic method based on the ladder operators and depends on the value of just one tabulated definite integral related to the ground state.

DOI
10.1590/1806-9126-rbef-2022-0038

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The stationary states of the quantum harmonic oscillator are properly determined by means of the unilateral Fourier transform without having to recourse to the properties of the confluent hypergeometric functions. This simpler procedure is reminiscent of the algebraic method based on the ladder operators and depends on the value of just one tabulated definite integral related to the ground state.
Abstract We consider the time-independent Schrödinger equation for the harmonic oscillator potential and determine its bound states and energy levels in one spatial dimension using two approaches: the algebraic and the analytic method. Using the former, we introduce ladder operators: the annihilation and creation operators, as well as the occupation-number operator, and determine the ground state of the harmonic oscillator to be a Gaussian wave packet, while the latter method yields the general bound state solutions in terms of the Hermite polynomials. We further discuss the zero-point energy and uncertainty relation for the quantum harmonic oscillator and make a comparison to the classical harmonic oscillator. Finally, we examine the three-dimensional harmonic oscillator, which leads us to the description of systems with multiple degrees of freedom via the tensor product
The study of quantum properties of the harmonic oscillator is important in physics as many real-world systems oscillate harmonically. Motion of systems in a confined space is often modeled as being a quantized harmonic motion or, in first instance, is approximated by a harmonic motion. This chapter helps the reader to solve the equation employing an algebraic operator technique, which is based on the Dirac notation. This approach has several definite advantages and exploits the commutation relations among the operators involved and their properties. The chapter transforms the stationary Schrodinger equation into a second-order differential equation and finds the solution to the equation with the aid of a more advanced mathematical technique that involves special functions. The energy of a harmonic oscillator is quantized, with the sequence of values. The difference in energy between adjacent energy levels is equal to the energy of a single photon, ħω.