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Photonics

Quantum Interference in Spontaneous Decay of a Quantum Emitter Placed in a Dimer of Bismuth-Chalcogenide Microparticles

Nikolaos Kyvelos, G. Tsigaridas, Emmanuel Paspalakis, Vassilios Yannopapas

Published Aug 23, 2022• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the phenomenon of quantum interference in spontaneous emission for a three-level V-type quantum emitter placed between two bismuth-chalcogenide (Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3) microspheres. In particular, we find that the degree of quantum interference can become as high as 0.994, a value which is attributed to the strong dependence of the spontaneous emission rate on the orientation of an atomic dipole relative to the surfaces of the microspheres, at the excitation frequencies of phonon-polariton states of the bismuth-chalcogenide microspheres (anisotropic Purcell effect). As a consequence of the high degree of quantum interference, we observe the occurrence of strong population trapping in the quantum emitter. To the best of our knowledge, the reported values of the degree of quantum interference are record values and are obtained for a relatively simple geometrical setup such as that of a microparticle dimer.

DOI
10.3390/photonics9090596

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We investigate the phenomenon of quantum interference in spontaneous emission for a three-level V-type quantum emitter placed between two bismuth-chalcogenide (Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3) microspheres. In particular, we find that the degree of quantum interference can become as high as 0.994, a value which is attributed to the strong dependence of the spontaneous emission rate on the orientation of an atomic dipole relative to the surfaces of the microspheres, at the excitation frequencies of phonon-polariton states of the bismuth-chalcogenide microspheres (anisotropic Purcell effect). As a consequence of the high degree of quantum interference, we observe the occurrence of strong population trapping in the quantum emitter. To the best of our knowledge, the reported values of the degree of quantum interference are record values and are obtained for a relatively simple geometrical setup such as that of a microparticle dimer.
In this work, we show that the quantum interference between two spontaneous emission channels can be greatly enhanced when a three-level V-type quantum emitter is placed near the bismuth chalcogenide ( B i 2 T e 3 ). Namely, we calculated the degree of quantum interference for quantum emitters placed in the vicinity of a planar surface of a B i 2 T e 3 slab, as well as near a B i 2 T e 3 microsphere. We found, in particular, that the degree of quantum interference assumes very high values, for both geometries, which is a result of the strong dependence of the spontaneous emission rate on the orientation of a quantum-emitter dipole relative to the B i 2 T e 3 surface, at the frequencies of polaritonic-type excitations. These particular high values of quantum interference can trigger a variety of phenomena associated with quantum interference of spontaneous-emission channels, such as lasing without inversion, coherent populations trapping, transparency, nonlinearities, and so forth.
We examine theoretically the effect of bismuth chalcogenide microparticles on the spontaneous emission of a double-V-type quantum emitter in free space. We have found, in particular, that the presence of a single microparticle causes a high degree of quantum interference in the way the quantum emitter releases energy in the process of spontaneous emission. This, in turn, leads to significant changes in the spectrum of the emitted energy. The quantum emitter’s initial state is crucial to how the energy is released in the presence of the microparticle. This observation has potential implications for quantum computing, particularly for reading the state of atomic qubits. When two microparticles are present, the effect is more pronounced, particularly when the quantum emitter is located in the gap between the particles.
We study theoretically the emergence of an anisotropic Purcell factor in random two-dimensional fractal aggregates of nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can either be metallic nanoparticles made of silver, which exhibit surface plasmon resonances, or high-index dielectric nanoparticles like silicon, which possess optical Mie resonances. To calculate the spontaneous emission rates of a quantum emitter, we utilize the electromagnetic Green’s tensor within the framework of the coupled-dipole method. Our findings reveal that the Purcell factor exhibits spatial variations, with certain regions, referred to as hot spots, displaying high values for dipoles oriented within the plane of the fractal aggregate, while dipoles oriented vertically to the aggregate have values close to unity. This anisotropy in the Purcell factor leads to significant quantum interference effects in the spontaneous emission paths of multi-level quantum emitters. As a consequence of this quantum interference, we demonstrate the occurrence of population trapping in a V-type quantum emitter embedded within a fractal aggregate of nanoparticles which cannot otherwise take place if the emitter is placed in vacuum.
We investigate the phenomenon of quantum interference in spontaneous emission pathways for a quantum emitter embedded in a two-dimensional photonic crystal composed of a square lattice of dielectric cylindrical rods. Using a V-type three-level system as a model, we demonstrate that the anisotropic Purcell effect inherent in such photonic structures can amplify quantum interference to its theoretical maximum, where the degree of interference p reaches unity. This results in the complete suppression of spontaneous emission for one polarization (directional suppression) and the emergence of coherent population trapping without the need for external coherent fields. By employing density matrix formalism, we derive analytical expressions for the population dynamics and identify conditions for indefinite or long-lived excited-state population. Our findings can find application in quantum technologies, including high-precision atomic clocks, magnetometry, and quantum information processing.
We investigate theoretically the non-Markovian dynamics of a degenerate V-type quantum emitter in the vicinity of a metallic nanosphere, a system that exhibits quantum interference in spontaneous emission due to the anisotropic Purcell effect. We calculate numerically the electromagnetic Green's tensor and employ the effective modes differential equation method for calculating the quantum dynamics of the emitter population, with respect to the resonance frequency and the initial state of the emitter, as well as its distance from the nanosphere. We find that the emitter population evolution varies between a gradual total decay and a partial decay combined with oscillatory population dynamics, depending strongly on the specific values of the above three parameters. Under strong-coupling conditions, coherent population trapping can be observed in this system. We compare our exact results with results when the flat continuum approximation for the vacuum modified by the metallic nanosphere is applied. We conclude that the flat continuum approximation is an excellent approximation only when the spectral density of the system under study is characterized by nonoverlapping plasmonic resonances.