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Axioms

Modulation Transfer between Microwave Beams: A Hypothesized Case of a Classically-Forbidden Stochastic Process

Anedio Ranfagni, Ilaria Cacciari

Published Aug 19, 2022• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Measurements of delay time in the transfer of modulation between a modulated to an unmodulated one, both of them derived by the same microwave source, are reported and interpreted. In the light of these results, the transfer of modulation can be hypothesized as due to a stochastic, classically-forbidden process, assisted by a photon–photon scattering mechanism.

DOI
10.3390/axioms11080416

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Measurements of delay time in the transfer of modulation between a modulated to an unmodulated one, both of them derived by the same microwave source, are reported and interpreted. In the light of these results, the transfer of modulation can be hypothesized as due to a stochastic, classically-forbidden process, assisted by a photon–photon scattering mechanism.
Measures of pulse delay in microwave propagation, in open air and for short distances (not much greater than 1 m), were made by using launcher and receiver horns. When these are facing each other we observe a delay time corresponding to a speed equal to c while, if the receiver horn is shifted or tilted with respect to the launcher horn, the delay time decreases showing a superluminal behavior. In other words the modulation phase shift, interpreted as a propagation time, turns out to be surprisingly smaller than the one relative to the light speed. This effect, which disappears for longer distances, is here interpreted on the basis of the existence of a special kind of evanescent waves (leaky waves). Just the presence of evanescent waves allows one to make a comparison with the tunneling processes where superluminal transport properties have been theoretically predicted.
Delay time results obtained in microwave experiments at frequencies above and below the cutoff frequency of different waveguide sections are interpreted on the basis of wave propagation in the presence of dissipative effects. Kac's original suggestion was the starting point for the formulation of a stochastic model, which has now been substantially improved, also in relation to the transition-elements theory of Feynman-Hibbs. In this way, an approach to the problem is provided, which is completely distinct from the ones formulated elsewhere.