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China Communications

Secure resource allocation in device-to-device communications underlaying cellular networks

Hossein Ghavami, Bahareh Akhbari

Published Aug 1, 2022• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

With increasing the demand for transmitting secure information in wireless networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication has great potential to improve system performance. As a well-known security risk is eavesdropping in D2D communication, ensuring information security is quite challenging. In this paper, we first obtain the closed-forms of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the secrecy ergodic capacity (SEC) for direct and decode- and-forward (DF) relay modes. Numerical results are presented to verify the theoretical results, and these results show the cases that the DF relay mode improves security performance compared to the direct mode at long distances between the transmitter and receiver nodes. Further, we look into the optimization problems of secure resource allocation in D2D communication to maximize the SEC and to minimize the SOP by considering the strictly positive secrecy capacity constraint as a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem. In the continue, we convert the MINLP to convex optimization. Finally, we solve this program with a dual method and obtain an optimal solution in the direct and DF relay modes.

DOI
10.23919/jcc.2022.08.012

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With increasing the demand for transmitting secure information in wireless networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication has great potential to improve system performance. As a well-known security risk is eavesdropping in D2D communication, ensuring information security is quite challenging. In this paper, we first obtain the closed-forms of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the secrecy ergodic capacity (SEC) for direct and decode- and-forward (DF) relay modes. Numerical results are presented to verify the theoretical results, and these results show the cases that the DF relay mode improves security performance compared to the direct mode at long distances between the transmitter and receiver nodes. Further, we look into the optimization problems of secure resource allocation in D2D communication to maximize the SEC and to minimize the SOP by considering the strictly positive secrecy capacity constraint as a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem. In the continue, we convert the MINLP to convex optimization. Finally, we solve this program with a dual method and obtain an optimal solution in the direct and DF relay modes.
The utilization of other devices as relays in cooperative device-to-device (D2D) communication systems does not fully guarantee the security of confidential information from being intentionally or unintentionally accessed by eavesdroppers. Therefore, the implementation of a method to enhance the security performance of information is highly necessary. This paper proposes the application of relay selection mechanisms in a communication system with three relay protocols: Amplify-and-Forward (AF), Decode-and-Forward (DF), and Quantize-and-Forward (QF). The research method employs a mathematical modeling approach and simulations. The simulation results demonstrate an improvement in the level of information security in cooperative D2D communication systems using the proposed method in multiple relay protocols. The relay selection method has been evaluated and compared based on the Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP), which is one of the parameters for information security in the communication system. The SOP achieved is smaller with the implementation of the Max-Min relay selection technique in multi-relay cooperative communication networks. Considering the presence or absence of eavesdroppers, the SOP of the DF relay is smaller compared to other protocols. The impact of distance on secrecy capacity also indicates that the DF protocol utilizing multiple relays achieves higher results compared to other protocols, and the increased usage of relays also affects the simulation outcomes.
This letter examines the physical layer security of a cellular network with inband underlay relay-aided Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, considering the scenario where the channel state information is outdated. The relay node, which operates in a full-duplex mode, can concurrently serve as a friendly jammer to enhance the cellular network secrecy performance while increasing the D2D communication data transmission. A passive eavesdropper utilizes combining approaches to combine the eavesdropping signals. Closed-form expressions for the D2D outage probability and the secrecy outage probability are derived. Furthermore, the asymptotic results are also provided.
This paper considers a cellular multiple-input single- output (MISO) system overheard by multiple eavesdroppers, in the presence of one pair of device- to-device (D2D) nodes working as an underlay to the cellular network. A novel eavesdropping scenario is studied in this paper, where the eavesdroppers intend to simultaneously overhear the cellular communication as well as the D2D communication. Assuming imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, our goal is to design the input covariance matrix of confidential message such that the worst-case sum secrecy rate is maximized, while satisfying the quality of service (QoS) requirement in the D2D communication. Although this worst-case sum secrecy rate maximization (SSRM) problem is non-convex, we show that it can be handled by solving a sequence of semidefinite programming (SDP) problems. Moreover, we give complexity analysis of our proposed optimization method and prove that transmit beamforming is an optimal strategy for the confidential message transmission. Numerical results are presented to verify the efficacy of our proposed method.
Abstract In this paper, the physical layer security is studied in device‐to‐device (D2D) communications overlaying cellular network where a D2D pair communicates with each other through an untrusted amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relay. Meanwhile, an untrusted relay acts as an eavesdropper in the network. In addition, a jammer is used to create secure communications between D2D pairs. To obtain ergodic secrecy rate (ESR), two scenarios of without jammer (WoJ) and with jammer (WJ) are investigated. In both scenarios, first, the optimal power allocation (OPA) problem is formulated and solved, and then, new closed‐form solutions are presented by calculating the ESR. Moreover, for the WJ scenario, the slope and power offset of the ESR in high signal‐to‐noise ratio are evaluated. Simulation results are presented to determine the importance of OPA and using a jammer to improve the ESR. In addition, the effects of increasing the distance between D2D pairs with each other and with untrusted relays are investigated. The simulation results validate our closed‐form expressions and show that the ESR improves with OPA, and the ESR of the WJ scenario is higher than the WoJ scenario.
Underlay device-to-device (D2D) communication network is becoming a promising solution for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless technology. It exploits the proximity of the D2D pairs and improves the overall network’s latency, capacity, and spectral efficiency by sharing/reusing the existing cellular resources. However, due to the frequency-sharing/reusing, the security of the device users (DUs) and the cellular users (CUs) becomes vulnerable. This paper presents a novel physical-layer security (PLS) scheme for the underlay multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) D2D communications in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. The proposed new PLS scheme can significantly reduce the information leakage for both CUs and DUs by adopting a null steering scheme at the transmitter. A signal alignment technique is also employed to eradicate the stringent requirement of a larger number of transmitter antennas than that of the receiver antennas. A generalized nonlinear optimization problem has been formulated to improve the PLS performance for MIMO-D2D communications. A closed-form and generalized analytical expression of the secrecy outage probability for CUs and DUs is derived over the imperfect Nakagami-mmmand Norton fading channels. Theoretical and simulation results of our proposed new PLS scheme have shown significant improvement in the secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability for both CUs and DUs in comparison with the existing methods.
Transmit beamforming is a diversity technique in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. It improves the diversity order and enhances the information security of the MIMO systems. In this paper, we mathematically analyze the secure performance of a MIMO decode-and-forward (DF) relay system under the presence of an eavesdropper and with the imperfect channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropping channel. To enhance the secrecy performance, we employ multiple antennas at all legitimate nodes and utilize two linear beamforming schemes, i.e., maximal ratio transmission (MRT) and transmission zero-forcing (TZF), at the transmitter and maximal ratio combining (MRC) scheme at the receiver. The probability density function (PDF) of the output SNR for different numbers of antennas at the transmitter and receiver is plotted and discussed. After that, we apply this PDF to derive the closed-form expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC) of the considered MIMO-DF relay system over Rayleigh fading channels for MRT/MRC and TZF/MRC schemes. In addition, based on the obtained analysis results, we provide the location of the relay that minimizes the system SOPs. All the analysis results are validated by Monte-Carlo simulations. The results show that the TZF/MRC scheme provides better SOP and ESC than the MRT/MRC scheme. Moreover, the number of antennas at the legitimate nodes and the location of the eavesdropper significantly impact the secrecy performance.