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International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO)

Weak Measurements with Adjustable Strength

Sofya Manko, Dmitry N. Frolovtsev, Sergey A Magnitskiy

Published Jun 20, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The method for weak measurements with an ad-justable strength is proposed and implemented on an IBM quantum computer. The relationship between the strength, the qubit disturbance and the accuracy of the measurement are investigated.
DOI
10.1109/iclo54117.2022.9840304

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According to the uncertainty principle, every quantum measurement accompanies disturbance. In particular, accurate sequential measurements need the accurate control of disturbance. However, the correct role of disturbance in the uncertainty principle has been known only recently. Understanding the disturbance is crucial for understanding the fundamentals of physics, and accurately evaluating the disturbance is important for quantum technologies such as quantum information processing and quantum metrology. Therefore, the experimental evaluation of the disturbance is a significant challenge in those fields. In this study, we propose a novel evaluation method for the quantum root-mean-square (QRMS) disturbance and compare its performance with the existing approaches, known as the three-state method (TSM) and the weak measurement method (WMM). Our method establishes a correspondence between the QRMS disturbance of the measurement and the second-order derivative of the decoherence induced in a newly introduced weak probe system with respect to the coupling strength of the weak interaction at its zero-limit. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in comparison with the other two through a simulation and experiment using a quantum computer. The results capture the key features of the TSM, WMM, and our method, providing insights into the strengths and limitations of these methods.
While there is a rigorously proven relationship about uncertainties intrinsic to any quantum system, often referred to as "Heisenberg's uncertainty principle," Heisenberg originally formulated his ideas in terms of a relationship between the precision of a measurement and the disturbance it must create. Although this latter relationship is not rigorously proven, it is commonly believed (and taught) as an aspect of the broader uncertainty principle. Here, we experimentally observe a violation of Heisenberg's "measurement-disturbance relationship", using weak measurements to characterize a quantum system before and after it interacts with a measurement apparatus. Our experiment implements a 2010 proposal of Lund and Wiseman to confirm a revised measurement-disturbance relationship derived by Ozawa in 2003. Its results have broad implications for the foundations of quantum mechanics and for practical issues in quantum measurement.