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International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO)

IR laser generation based on atomic transitions of cesium and rubidium when pumping to high-located levels

A. A. Babin, Michail V. Volkov, Sergey G Garanin, S. A. Kovaldov, A. V. Kopalkin, Стариков Федор Алексеевич, A.V. Strakhov, V.V. Feoktistov

Published Jun 20, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We obtain laser generation on cesium and rubidium atoms at wavelengths in the range of 2 – 5.5 µm when pumping to high-located levels (7P - IOP for cesium atoms and 6P – 8P for rubidium atoms). The pumping conversion efficiency into lasing energy is investigated.
DOI
10.1109/iclo54117.2022.9840228

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Abstract Laser oscillation is obtained in caesium and rubidium atoms with wavelengths in the range of 2 – 5.5 μm under pumping to high-lying energy levels. Longitudinal resonant pumping is implemented using the second harmonic of radiation from an optical parametric oscillator. The pump wavelength is tuned over discrete levels from 8P to 10P in caesium atoms and from 6P to 8P in rubidium atoms. The width of the pump radiation spectrum is 12 cm−1. When caesium atoms are pumped, the pump pulse energy is no more than 10 mJ; when rubidium atoms are pumped, it does not exceed 3 mJ. The pulse repetition rate is 10 Hz. The maximum output energy of IR laser radiation upon pumping the 9P3/2 level of caesium atoms is about 100 μJ at a cell temperature of ∼170°C, while the efficiency of pump conversion into radiation energy with a wavelength λ ∼ 3.1 μm turns out to be ∼1 %. For rubidium atoms, an estimate of the output energy of IR radiation gives a value of ∼80 μJ at a cell temperature of 180 °C, which corresponds to an energy efficiency of ∼2.7 %.
Abstract : Mirrorless lasing has been successfully demonstrated in a Rubidium heat pipe. Lasing was observed on the 6(2)P(sub 3/2)-6(2)S(sub 1/2) energy transition at 2.73 microns and on the 6(2)P(sub 1/2)-6(2)S(sub 1/2) transition at 2.79 microns. The transitions were optically pumped from 5(2)S(sub 1/2)-6(2)P(sub 3/2) at 420.2 nm and from 5(2)S(sub 1/2)-6(2)P(sub 1/2) at 421.7 nm, respectively. The 5(2)S(sub 1/2)-6(2)P(sub 3/2) transition was excited over a 36 GHz band, while the 5(2)S(sub 1/2)-6(2)P(sub 1/2) transition was excited over a 24 GHz band. Both pump transitions showed a high degree of saturation and only a small fraction (1%) of the incident pump energy was absorbed. Output energies of up to 5 nJ were obtained at 2.73 microns and of up to 5.4 nJ at 2.79 microns when pumped at pulse energies of 4 mJ. Both transitions experienced bleaching at this 4 mJ pump energy, limiting further IR output energy. Increasing rubidium concentration at bleached pump energies showed no increase in laser energy after 170 deg. C, likely due to second order processes. Slope efficiency for both transitions, however, increased linearly with rubidium concentration up to 11 x .000001 The addition of small amounts of argon, helium, and ethane (5-45 Torr) were found to fully quench lasing action on both transitions.
Doppler-free absorption spectra of resonance laser fields are studied upon two-stage excitation of cesium atoms according to the schemes 6S 1/2 →6P 3/2 →6D 5/2 and 6S 1/2 →6P 3/2 →8S 1/2 . The obtained experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the theory. In the case of weak absorption saturation, the width of resonances is mainly determined by two-photon transitions. The efficiencies of the two variants of two-stage excitation of the 7P 3/2 level are compared. The possibility of fabrication of a gas laser operating on the 455-nm 7P 3/2 →6S 1/2 transition with the optical depopulation of the lower operating level by an additional laser is discussed.