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International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO)

Quantum Engineering of Bright-Dark Optical States of Resonantly Interacting Rare Earth Ions with Nanolocal Stark Effect

Konstantin K. Pukhov, Sergey K. Sekatskii

Published Jun 20, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Earlier an idea to use controlled with modern Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) technique resonant interaction of dipoles (fluorescent rare earth (RE) ions in crystals) was put forward. Here we discuss the possibility to exploit nanolocal Stark effect, caused in such systems by strong inhomogeneous electric fields of sharp SPM electrodes (tips), to engineer the dark - bright states of resonantly interacting dipoles: their energies and decay (decoherence) rates can be strongly influenced by such fields.

DOI
10.1109/iclo54117.2022.9839999

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Earlier an idea to use controlled with modern Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) technique resonant interaction of dipoles (fluorescent rare earth (RE) ions in crystals) was put forward. Here we discuss the possibility to exploit nanolocal Stark effect, caused in such systems by strong inhomogeneous electric fields of sharp SPM electrodes (tips), to engineer the dark - bright states of resonantly interacting dipoles: their energies and decay (decoherence) rates can be strongly influenced by such fields.
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Engineering the local density of states with nanophotonic structures is a powerful tool to control light-matter interactions via the Purcell effect. At optical frequencies, control over the electric field density of states is typically used to couple to and manipulate electric dipole transitions. However, it is also possible to engineer the magnetic density of states to control magnetic dipole transitions. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the optical magnetic Purcell effect using a single rare earth ion coupled to a nanophotonic cavity. We engineer a new single photon emitter, Er3+^{3+}3+ in MgO, where the electric dipole decay rate is strongly suppressed by the cubic site symmetry, giving rise to a nearly pure magnetic dipole optical transition. This allows the unambiguous determination of a magnetic Purcell factor Pm=1040±30P_m=1040 \pm 30Pm​=1040±30. We further extend this technique to realize a magnetic dipole spin-photon interface, performing optical spin initialization and readout of a single Er3+^{3+}3+ electron spin. This work demonstrates the fundamental equivalence of electric and magnetic density of states engineering, and provides a new tool for controlling light-matter interactions for a broader class of emitters.
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Abstract Quantum information processing based on magnetic ions has potential for applications as the ions can be modified in their electronic properties and assembled by a variety of chemical methods. For these systems to achieve individual spin addressability and high energy efficiency, we exploited the electric field as a tool to manipulate the quantum behaviours of the rare-earth ion which has strong spin-orbit coupling. A Ce:YAG single crystal was employed with considerations to the dynamics and the symmetry requirements. The Stark effect of the Ce3+ ion was observed and measured. When demonstrated as a quantum phase gate, the electric field manipulation exhibited high efficiency which allowed up to 57 π/2 operations before decoherence with optimized field direction. It was also utilized to carry out quantum bang-bang control, as a method of dynamic decoupling, and the refined Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. Our experiments highlighted rare-earth ions as potentially applicable qubits because they offer enhanced spin-electric coupling which enables high-efficiency quantum manipulation.
The absorption of single photons by coupled pairs of ions in rare-earth solids was first observed by Varsanyi and Dieke.1 They noticed that weak absorption of light occurred in PrCl3 at frequencies close to the sum of transition frequencies of individual Pr ions, giving rise to rare-earth fluorescence. This effect was explained by the perturbation theory of Dexter.2 He showed that weak multipole or exchange interactions between rare-earth ions permitted the simultaneous promotion of two ions to excited states by the action of one absorbed photon in an electric dipole allowed transition. Similarly, two ions initially in excited states could emit one sum frequency photon in a cooperative manner.