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Short term stability limitations in a compact cold atom clock

S. Trémine, Stéphane Guérandel, David Holleville, N. Dimarcq, Delporte, J., André Clairon

Published Aug 29, 2005• 0 citations
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arXiv:2207.12976•Applied Physics Letters•Oct 17, 2022•13 citations
A compact cold-atom clock based on coherent population trapping (CPT) has been developed. The clock typically demonstrates a short-term fractional frequency stability of 4×10−11/√τ, limited by frequency noise on the interrogation lasers. The clock interrogates a sample of 2×105atoms under free-fall with typical cycle and Ramsey periods of 50 ms and 16 ms, respectively. The largest two systematic frequency shifts that can limit the clock's long-term stability are the light shift and the Doppler shift.
The HORACE device is a compact cold atom clock where about 10/sup 8/ cesium atoms are laser cooled at a few /spl mu/K, then interrogated and detected directly in a 20 cm/sup 3/ spherical microwave cavity. The optimization of the short term stability with the cooling and interrogation durations is presented, leading to an estimation of the Allan deviation of /spl sigma//sub y/(/spl tau/) -1 10/sup -13/ /spl tau/ /sup - 1/2 /on earth and /spl sigma//sub y/(/spl tau/) = 7 10/sup -14/ /spl tau//sup -frac12;/ in space. The quantum projection noise, the Dick effect and the detection laser noises are taken into account. The calculations are based on a preliminary model for the recapture of cold atoms, in reasonable agreement with measurements.
Cold atom fountain clocks provide exceptional long term stability as they increase interrogation time at the expense of a larger size. We present a compact cold atom fountain using a grating magneto-optical trap to laser cool and launch the atoms in a simplified optical setup. The fountain is evaluated using coherent population trapping and demonstrates improved single-shot stability from the launch. Ramsey times up to 100 ms were measured with a corresponding fringe linewidth of 5 Hz. This technique could improve both short- and long-term stabilities of cold atom clocks while remaining compact for portable applications.