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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

On-Chip Quantum Devices Enabled by Shallow-Implanted Vacancy Centers in Laser-Written Waveguides in Diamond

Michael Hoese, M. Koch, Vibhav Bharadwaj, Johannes Lang, Roberta Ramponi, Fedor Jelezko, Shane Michael Eaton, Alexander Kubanek

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a quantum device platform enabled by shallow implanted vacancy centers in the front facet of laser-written waveguides in diamond. Two proof-of-principle experiments highlight the potential for quantum sensing and single photon light-field engineering.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_si.2022.stu5f.3

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Femtosecond laser writing shows great potential for novel 3D photonic architectures and high quality NV- quantum emitters in the bulk of diamond. However, the direct writing method cannot achieve nanometric placement of NV- centers near the surface of diamond, which is required for certain quantum sensing tasks. We will demonstrate a hybrid approach where the advantages of 3D optical waveguides by femtosecond laser writing and precise and shallow placement of NV- centers by ion implantation will be combined to form an integrated quantum sensor with record high performance.
Diamond's nitrogen vacancy (NV) center is an optically active defect with long spin coherence times, showing great potential for both efficient nanoscale magnetometry and quantum information processing schemes. Recently, both the formation of buried 3D optical waveguides and high-quality single NVs in diamond were demonstrated using the versatile femtosecond laser-writing technique. However, until now, combining these technologies has been an outstanding challenge. In this Letter, we fabricate laser-written photonic waveguides in quantum grade diamond which are aligned to within micron resolution to single laser-written NVs, enabling an integrated platform providing deterministically positioned waveguide-coupled NVs. This fabrication technology opens the way toward on-chip optical routing of single photons between NVs and optically integrated spin-based sensing.
Diamond's nitrogen vacancy (NV) center is an optically active defect with long spin coherence times, showing potential for efficient nanoscale magnetometry and entanglement schemes. Recently, both the formation of buried 3D optical waveguides and high quality single NVs in diamond were demonstrated using femtosecond laser-writing. However, until now, combining these technologies has been an outstanding challenge. In this work, we fabricate laser-written photonic circuits in diamond aligned within micron resolution to single laser-written NVs, enabling an integrated platform providing deterministically positioned waveguide-coupled NVs. This fabrication technology opens the way towards on-chip optical routing of single photons between NVs and optically integrated spin-based magnetometry.
Modifying light fields at the single-photon level is a key challenge for upcoming quantum technologies and can be realized in a scalable manner through integrated quantum photonics. Laser-written diamond photonics offers 3D fabrication capabilities and large mode-field diameters matched to fiber optic technology, though limiting the cooperativity at the single-emitter level. To realize large coupling efficiencies, we combine excitation of single shallow-implanted silicon vacancy centers via high numerical aperture optics with detection assisted by laser-written type-II waveguides. We demonstrate single-emitter extinction measurements with a cooperativity of 0.0050 and a relative beta factor of 13%. The transmission of resonant photons reveals single-photon subtraction from a quasi-coherent field resulting in super-Poissonian light statistics. Our architecture enables light field engineering in an integrated design on the single quantum level although the intrinsic cooperativity is low. Laser-written structures can be fabricated in three dimensions and with a natural connectivity to optical fiber arrays.