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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

A quantum-capable internet testbed connecting room temperature quantum memories

Dounan Du, Leonardo Castillo-Veneros, Guodong Cui, Dillion Cottrill, Julián Martínez-Rincón, Paul Stankus, Dimitrios Katramatos, Eden V. Figueroa

Published Jan 1, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We present a first-generation long-distance quantum internet testbed that utilizes quantum memories to communicate quantum information across an intercity fiber infrastructure. We have observed Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between telecom photons produced in two independent room temperature quantum memories separated by a distance of 158 km.

DOI
10.1364/quantum.2022.qm2b.3

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We present a first-generation long-distance quantum internet testbed that utilizes quantum memories to communicate quantum information across an intercity fiber infrastructure. We have observed Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between telecom photons produced in two independent room temperature quantum memories separated by a distance of 158 km.
First-generation long-distance quantum repeater networks require quantum memories capable of interfacing with telecom photons to perform quantum-interference-mediated entanglement generation operations. The ability to demonstrate these interconnections using real-life fiber connections in a long-distance setting is paramount to realize a scalable quantum internet. Here we address these significant challenges by observing Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between indistinguishable telecom photons produced in two independent room temperature quantum memories, separated by a distance of 158 km. We obtained interference visibilities after long-distance propagation of V=(38±2)%\rm \boldsymbol{V=(38\pm2)\%}V=(38±2)% for single-photon level experimental inputs. This first-of-its-kind quantum network prototype connecting quantum laboratories in Stony Brook University and Brookhaven National Laboratory is envisioned to evolve into a large-scale memory-assisted entanglement distribution quantum network, the basis for inter-city quantum communication.
Building a Quantum Internet requires the development of innovative quantum-enabling networking architectures that integrate advanced communication systems with long-distance quantum communication hardware. Here, we present the implementation of a quantum-enabled internet prototype using a novel physics-centric stack-based quantum network paradigm to govern the dynamics of multiple light-matter Hamiltonians across distant nodes. We demonstrate this concept using a deployed large-scale intercity quantum network connecting laboratories at Stony Brook University and the Brookhaven National Laboratory. This network facilitates a fundamental long-distance quantum network service -that of high-visibility Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of telecom quantum states generated in two independent, telecom-compatible quantum light-matter interfaces separated by a distance of 158 km.
First generation quantum repeater networks require independent quantum memories capable of storing and retrieving indistinguishable photons to perform quantum-interference-mediated high-repetition entanglement swapping operations. The ability to perform these coherent operations at room temperature is of prime importance in order to realize large scalable quantum networks. Here we address these significant challenges by observing Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between indistinguishable photons carrying polarization qubits retrieved from two independent room-temperature quantum memories. Our elementary quantum network configuration includes: (i) two independent sources generating polarization-encoded qubits; (ii) two atomic-vapor dual-rail quantum memories; and (iii) a HOM interference node. We obtained interference visibilities after quantum memory retrieval of V=(41.9±2.0)%\rm \boldsymbol{V=(41.9\pm2.0)\%}V=(41.9±2.0)% for few-photon level inputs and V=(25.9±2.5)%\rm \boldsymbol{V=(25.9\pm2.5)\%}V=(25.9±2.5)% for single-photon level inputs. Our prototype network lays the groundwork for future large-scale memory-assisted quantum cryptography and distributed quantum networks.
Enabling secure communication, unparalleled computing capabilities, and fundamental nonlocality physics exploration, the development of quantum repeaters is the key quantum information processing technology advance needed for implementing real world quantum networks beyond the laboratory environment. Currently, components exist for intra-laboratory quantum networks but no system exists for connecting distant ( 1 km ) quantum memories in the real world. We present a physics analysis of quantum repeater network designs for intracity optical fiber connections between nodes based on atomic memories and linear optics. Long distances will necessitate the use of (1) two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel style interference between atomic ensembles for entanglement swapping, and (2) photonic qubit wavelength conversion between atomic emissions and photons at telecommunication wavelengths in fiber. We report on our experimental progress towards implementing A Quantum Network with Atoms and Photons (QNET-AP), a quantum repeater network test-bed, between the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the Joint Quantum Institute (JQI) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland (UMD).