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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

Spatiotemporal Control of Trapped Rydberg Qubits

Ignacio R. Solá, Bo Y. Chang

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show how to implement faster high fidelity two-qubit gates on neutral atoms through the dipole blockade mechanism by exciting the qubits with the same pulses after optimizing both temporal and spatial parameters.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2022.qw2a.33

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We use a novel optimization procedure that includes the temporal and spatial parameters of the pulses acting on arrays of trapped neutral atoms to prepare entangling gates in N-qubit systems. The spatiotemporal control allows treating a denser array of atoms, where each pulse acts on a subset of the qubits, potentially allowing to speed up the gate operation by two orders of magnitude by boosting the dipole-blockade between the Rydberg states. Studying the rate of success of the algorithm under different constraints, we evaluate the impact of the proximity of the atoms and, indirectly, the role of the geometry of the arrays in three and four-qubit systems, as well as the minimal energy requirements and how this energy is used among the different qubits. Finally, we characterize and classify all optimal protocols according to the mechanism of the gate using a quantum pathway analysis.
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We use a novel optimization procedure that includes the temporal and spatial parameters of the pulses acting on arrays of trapped neutral atoms, to prepare entangling gates in N-qubits systems. The spatio-temporal control allows treating a denser array of atoms, where each pulse acts on a subset of the qubits, potentially allowing to speed the gate operation by two orders of magnitude by boosting the dipole-blockade between the Rydberg states. Studying the rate of success of the algorithm under different constraints, we evaluate the impact of the proximity of the atoms and, indirectly, the role of the geometry of the arrays in 3 and 4-qubit systems, as well as the minimal energy requirements and how this energy is used among the different qubits. Finally, we characterize and classify all optimal protocols according to the mechanism of the gate, using a quantum pathways analysis.
We propose several schemes for implementing a fast two-qubit quantum gate for neutral atoms with the gate operation time much faster than the time scales associated with the external motion of the atoms in the trapping potential. In our example, the large interaction energy required to perform fast gate operations is provided by the dipole-dipole interaction of atoms excited to low-lying Rydberg states in constant electric fields. A detailed analysis of imperfections of the gate operation is given.
Arrays of optically trapped neutral atoms are an emerging platform for scalable quantum computing, where achieving high-fidelity entangling gates remains a central challenge. We present a systematic analysis of the two-qubit controlled-Z (cz) gate under finite Rydberg blockade, paying particular attention to the influence of near-degenerate Rydberg pair states and resonant dipole-dipole interactions. Using the global two-pulse excitation protocol, we model the full gate dynamics, explicitly capturing population leakage into noncomputational states. By analyzing the interplay between the control parameters such as Rabi frequency, detuning, the F\"orster defect, and interaction strength, we identify conditions that enable fast, high-fidelity gate operation while minimizing leakage. We also quantify the impact of finite Rydberg-state lifetimes on gate error and further demonstrate that the optimal parameter regimes identified here are accessible in current rubidium-based tweezer experiments. These results provide practical guidance for optimizing two-qubit gate protocols in neutral-atom quantum processors with experimentally accessible conditions.