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arXiv:2210.06879 · PRX Quantum

Optimizing Rydberg Gates for Logical-Qubit Performance

Sven Jandura, Jeff D. Thompson, Guido Pupillo

Published Jun 5, 2023• 53 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A family of Rydberg blockade gates for neutral-atom qubits is presented, showing how one can significantly reduce the requirements on laser stability and atomic temperature to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing.
DOI
10.1103/prxquantum.4.020336

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Neutral-atom arrays have recently emerged as a promising platform for quantum information processing.One important remaining roadblock for the large-scale application of these systems is the ability to perform error-corrected quantum operations.To entangle the qubits in these systems, atoms are typically excited to Rydberg states, which could decay or give rise to various correlated errors that cannot be addressed directly through traditional methods of fault-tolerant quantum computation.In this work, we provide the first complete characterization of these sources of error in a neutral-atom quantum computer and propose hardware-efficient, fault-tolerant quantum computation schemes that mitigate them.Notably, we develop a novel and distinctly efficient method to address the most important errors associated with the decay of atomic qubits to states outside of the computational subspace.These advances allow us to significantly reduce the resource cost for fault-tolerant quantum computation compared to existing, general-purpose schemes.Our protocols can be implemented in the near term using state-of-the-art neutral-atom platforms with qubits encoded in both alkali and alkaline-earth atoms.
Rydberg-based two-qubit gate fidelities in neutral atom arrays are limited chiefly by laser intensity inhomogeneity and by detuning errors from frequency miscalibration, background-field drift, intermediate state light shift and Doppler shifts. Quantum optimal control can suppress the former, but no pulse can render a controlled-Z gate first-order insensitive to detuning. Here we show that this obstruction can be circumvented by designing Rydberg gate pulses with every leading-order detuning error relegated to single-qubit Z-rotations, which an echoed sequence removes. The resulting maximally-entangling ZZ gate has no leading-order response to arbitrary detunings on either atom, maintaining an infidelity below 10−310^{-3}10−3 within a much wider range of single-atom detunings than the time-optimal gates. We further show that a large fraction of residual error is dominated by population outside the computational subspace, which can be converted into heralded erasures. Our results significantly reduce the requirements on laser frequency stability and intensity homogeneity, field calibration and atomic temperature toward practical fault-tolerant quantum computing with neutral atoms.