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IEEE Joint International Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference (ITAIC)

Simulation Modeling and Software Implementation of Optical Fiber and Space Channel in Quantum Secure Communication

Bingyin Ren, Yongxin Zhang, Teng Niu, Hailong Ge, Jixiang Wang

Published Jun 17, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The effects of different kinds of communication channels on the key indexes such as bit error rate and communication rate of quantum communication system, represented by quantum secure communication system, are systematically studied. For the actual channel, the transformation of quantum states caused by physical effects such as loss, dispersion and polarization mode dispersion in optical fiber channel is analyzed. With building in the spatial channel noise experimental data under different weather conditions, the mathematical model is established, and the software is designed and implemented.

DOI
10.1109/itaic54216.2022.9836755

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The effects of different kinds of communication channels on the key indexes such as bit error rate and communication rate of quantum communication system, represented by quantum secure communication system, are systematically studied. For the actual channel, the transformation of quantum states caused by physical effects such as loss, dispersion and polarization mode dispersion in optical fiber channel is analyzed. With building in the spatial channel noise experimental data under different weather conditions, the mathematical model is established, and the software is designed and implemented.
Through the technical means of computer simulation modeling and calculation, this paper systematically studies the influence of different kinds of communication channels on the key indexes such as bit error rate and communication rate of quantum communication system represented by quantum secure communication system. For the theoretical channels such as bit flip channel and phase flip channel, the transformation model of quantum state is analyzed, the mathematical model of actual physical dimension parameter transformation is established, and the software is designed and implemented.
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In this research work, a simulator with time-domain visualizers and configurable parameters using a continuous time simulation approach with Matlab R2019a is presented for modeling and investigating the performance of optical fiber and free-space quantum channels as a part of a generic quantum key distribution system simulator. The modeled optical fiber quantum channel is characterized with a maximum allowable distance of 150 km with 0.2 dB/km at =1550nm. While, at =900nm and =830nm the attenuation values are 2 dB/km and 3 dB/km respectively. The modeled free space quantum channel is characterized at 0.1 dB/km at =860 nm with maximum allowable distance of 150 km also. The simulator was investigated in terms of the execution of the BB84 protocol based on polarizing encoding with consideration of the optical fiber and free-space quantum channel imperfections and losses by estimating the quantum bit error rate and final secure key. This work shows a general repeatable modeling process for significant performance evaluation. The most remarkable result that emerged from the simulated data generated and detected is that the modeling process provides guidance for optical quantum channels design and characterization for other quantum key distribution protocols.
Quantum communications offers secure and reliable key distribution protocols. The quantum solutions can be used in laser based satellite communications. However, many different physical parameters need to be taken into account to model a free-space optical channel. To complete the determination of e.g., the Quantum Bit Error Rate, a series of derived procedures are needed to execute, which has high complexity. An ideal solution is to place the calculations for simulation software, which issues all of the interpretable information about the properties of the communication channel. We created a free-space optical Earth-space channel model, developed a simulator and modeled the behavior of three quantum key distribution protocols for a given parameter set.
In this thesis, several novel secure optical communication network models are presented. The security of these network models is achieved using quantum cryptographic-key distribution. Both point-to-point and multiple access broadcast networks are considered. Furthermore, in developing these models, the simplicity, generality and flexibility are highly maintained. Thus, it is possible to use these models efficiently for software simulation purposes. Each secure optical communication network model is assumed to be composed of N communication nodes (stations) that are connected by three types of fiber optic channels. These are the quantum, authenticated public, and timing channels. Errors can occur in quantum transmission due to eavesdropping and system inefficiencies. Thus, an error elimination technique is implemented. In this technique, several rounds of random permutations and block parity comparisons are done between the transmitter and receiver. Then, another strategy of random subset parity comparisons is performed. Blocks or subsets of discordant parities are subjected to a bisective search to find error locations and eliminate them. After all quantum transmission errors are discovered and discarded, an important mathematical technique called privacy amplification is implemented. Using this technique, eavesdropper information about the final cryptographic key is reduced to an arbitrarily value smaller than one bit. This is essentially achieved by publicly choosing length-reducing transformations to apply to primary keys so that partial eavesdropper information about inputs conveys almost no knowledge of the outputs. In the designing of secure models for multiple access broadcast networks, both of broadcasting and multicasting quantum transmission modes are enabled. This is done via introducing electro-optic switches in the implementation of quantum channels. Hence, the efficiency of quantum cryptography protocols can significantly be increased, in many situations. All networks quantum cryptography protocols are simulated via the object oriented programming (OOP) approach using the Borland C ++ Compiler Version 4.5. Simulation results for both error elimination and privacy amplification stages are presented. It is important to mention that all the described protocols are secure even against an enemy possessing unlimited computing power.
In this paper the methods of data protection for developed by authors earlier multichannel system of quantum secure communication are proposed. These methods allow closing the intercepted data from the unauthorized user. The simulation model of quantum secure communication system on optical fiber is developed. This model depends on three parameters: probabilities of an error in the fiber optic channel, time of detection of unauthorized connection to the fiber optic line and transmission rate. Results of modeling for two methods of data protection are presented.