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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Generation and Application of Broadband Biphoton Fields (Brief Review)

Konstantin G. Katamadze, A. V. Pashchenko, Anna V. Romanova, S. P. Kulik

Published May 1, 2022• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Biphoton fields obtained in spontaneous parametric down-conversion are among the main tools of modern quantum optics. Temporal correlations between photons in the pair play a key role; the broader the spectrum of the biphoton field, the stronger the correlations. Broadband biphoton fields and their main characteristics have been described in detail, their possible applications have been listed, and the main methods of their generation have been presented.

DOI
10.1134/s002136402260063x

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Biphoton fields obtained in spontaneous parametric down-conversion are among the main tools of modern quantum optics. Temporal correlations between photons in the pair play a key role; the broader the spectrum of the biphoton field, the stronger the correlations. Broadband biphoton fields and their main characteristics have been described in detail, their possible applications have been listed, and the main methods of their generation have been presented.
The generation of biphoton wave packets with a broad spectrum owing to quasi-phase-matched spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a crystal with an aperiodic poling has been considered. Biphotons at the exit of such a sample are not Fourier limited; i.e., their correlation time is much larger than the inverse width of the spectrum. It has been shown that if the inverse grating vector varies linearly along the sample length, the generated biphoton wave packets can be compressed in time by transmitting two-photon light through an optical fiber.
Two photons in a pair generated in the nonlinear optical process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion are, in general, strongly quantum entangled. Accordingly, they contain extremely strong energy, time, polarization and momentum quantum correlations. This entanglement involves more than one quantum variable and has served as a powerful tool in fundamental studies of quantum theory. It is now playing a large role in the development of novel information processing techniques and new optical measurement technologies. Here we review some of these technologies and their origins.
The entangled photon pairs (biphotons) produced from parametric down-conversion (PDC) in a χ(2)crystal are the key element for several quantum information and communication schemes. Recent theoretical investigations [1–2] have revealed the peculiar structure of the biphotonic correlation characterizing the entanglement of twin beams in the space-time domain. The biphotonic correlation in type I PDC is characterized in the near field by a X-shaped geometry, which turns out to be non-factorable in space and time, offering thus the relevant possibility of manipulating the temporal bandwidth of biphoton entanglement by acting on their spatial degrees of freedom. The name “X-entanglement” was coined to describe this geometry [1]. An other key feature which emerged is the extreme spatial and temporal localization of the biphotonic correlation, on the micrometer and femtosecond range, respectively.