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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Diffraction-induced entanglement loss of high-dimensional orbital angular-momentum states

Kuntuo Zhu, Zhangdong Ye

Published Jul 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The entanglement loss of high-dimensional entangled orbital angular-momentum states in far-field diffraction by a circular aperture was studied theoretically. A general expression for high-dimensional entanglement decay is provided. The results show that the loss depends on both the parity and the magnitude of the orbital angular-momentum index, and it is not affected by a small misalignment error of the aperture.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/ac8070

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Abstract The entanglement loss of high-dimensional entangled orbital angular-momentum states in far-field diffraction by a circular aperture was studied theoretically. A general expression for high-dimensional entanglement decay is provided. The results show that the loss depends on both the parity and the magnitude of the orbital angular-momentum index, and it is not affected by a small misalignment error of the aperture.
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We propose a technique to characterize the dimensionality of entangled sources affected by any environment, including phase and amplitude masks or atmospheric turbulence. We illustrate this technique on the example of angular ghost diffraction using the orbital angular momentum (OAM) spectrum generated by a nonlocal double slit. We realize a nonlocal angular double slit by placing single angular slits in the paths of the signal and idler modes of the entangled light field generated by parametric down-conversion. Based on the observed OAM spectrum and the measured Shannon dimensionality spectrum of the possible quantum channels that contribute to Young's ghost diffraction, we calculate the associated dimensionality Dtotal{D}_{\mathrm{total}}Dtotal​. The measured Dtotal{D}_{\mathrm{total}}Dtotal​ ranges between 1 and 2.74 depending on the opening angle of the angular slits. The ability to quantify the nature of high-dimensional entanglement is vital when considering quantum information protocols.
The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons has shown the ability to generate high-dimensional entanglement. Here, we examine a novel kind of entanglement degradation caused by the Unruh effect. By paraxially quantizing the light field, we derive the mode functions in both inertial and noninertial reference frames and demonstrate that, from the perspective of an accelerating observer, empty inertial space may seem to be full of OAM particles. They may inundate the high-dimensional entangled OAM photons and cause them to decay. Additionally, we investigate high-dimensional entanglement in the vicinity of a Schwarzschild black hole. Our results suggest that higher-dimensional entanglement will suffer from greater adverse impacts in both instances.
We propose a method for generation of entangled photonic states in high dimensions, the so-called qudits, by exploiting quantum correlations of Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) entangled photons, produced via Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion. Diffraction masks containing N angular slits placed in the path of twin photons define a qudit space of dimension N2, spanned by the alternative pathways of OAM-entangled photons. We quantify the high-dimensional entanglement of path-entangled photons by the Concurrence, using an analytic expression valid for pure states. We report numerical results for the Concurrence as a function of the angular aperture size for the case of high-dimensional OAM entanglement and for the case of high-dimensional path entanglement, produced by N × M angular slits. Our results provide additional means for preparation and characterization of entangled quantum states in high-dimensions, a fundamental resource for quantum simulation and quantum information protocols.
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