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Chinese Physics B

Modulated spatial transmission signals in the photonic bandgap

Wenqi Xu, Hui Wang, Daohong Xie, Junling Che, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Jun 8, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper describes the spatial transmission of electromagnetically induced transparency and four-wave mixing signals in the photonic bandgap structure, which are modulated using the adjustable parameters of light fields. The spatial transmission patterns of the relevant signals are experimentally investigated with respect to the optical nonlinear Kerr effect that occurs in the modulation process. The experimental results reveal the spatial transmission patterns of the probe transmission and the four-wave mixing signals, such as focusing, defocusing, shifting, and spatial splitting. This study explains how the tunable parameters of light fields and their interactions with each other can regulate the spatial transmission of the light fields by changing the refractive indices of media, which provides a new research perspective and a degree of experimental technology support for more efficient all-optical communications.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/ac76b3

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This paper describes the spatial transmission of electromagnetically induced transparency and four-wave mixing signals in the photonic bandgap structure, which are modulated using the adjustable parameters of light fields. The spatial transmission patterns of the relevant signals are experimentally investigated with respect to the optical nonlinear Kerr effect that occurs in the modulation process. The experimental results reveal the spatial transmission patterns of the probe transmission and the four-wave mixing signals, such as focusing, defocusing, shifting, and spatial splitting. This study explains how the tunable parameters of light fields and their interactions with each other can regulate the spatial transmission of the light fields by changing the refractive indices of media, which provides a new research perspective and a degree of experimental technology support for more efficient all-optical communications.
Three and four electromagnetically induced transparency windows generate the multi-channel four-wave mixing (FWM) process are observed in a four-level atomic system. The transmission of the probe field and the reflection of the FWM are investigated in the modulated moving photonic band gap structures which are caused by the coupling fields with a relative small detuning offset when scanning detuning frequency of the probe field and the dressing field, respectively. The experimental results show that the more channels spectrum signal of the FWM process can be modulated and the generated multi-channel can be further modulated by adding a dressing field. We have also explained theoretically these experimental results which may have applications in the design of photonic crystal and optical signal amplifiers.
Abstract We experimentally observe the interference patterns of vortex probe transmission signal (PTS) and vortex four-wave mixing (FWM). By changing the difference in the divergences of two optical beams, the spiral interference patterns of the probe beam and the reference Gaussian probe beam can be obtained. It is found that in the interference patterns of vortex PTS, the shifting of the fork can be regulated by blocking different dressing fields and tuning the probe frequency. When the two-photon resonance condition is satisfied, the shift of the fork is the weakest since the strongest probe field intensity induces the weak nonlinear phase shift. In addition, we realize that the relationship between the intensities of the vortex FWM signal and the probe field is not monotonic, because both the intensity of probe field and the dressing effect will affect the intensity of the vortex FWM signal. We also find that the spatial modulations including shifting and splitting are also regulated by the intensity of the probe field and the coupling field. Here, the explanation of these phenomena is presented by the transition of the nonlinear refraction index. Finally, we realize that the singularity overlap or separation between the linear probe and the third-order vortex FWM will lead to the change of fork quantity. Our research is helpful to understand and manipulate optical vortices and can be widely used in quantum computation and communication.
Considering the fact that the orbital angular momentum of light can be transferred through light-matter interactions, we experimentally induced a dressed vortex four-wave mixing (FWM) with the interaction between a vortex probe beam and an inverted Y-type four-level atomic system with a photonic band gap. Further, the Kerr-nonlinearity-modulated propagation behaviors of the probe and the dressed FWM vortices are investigated, including the spatial shift, splitting, and incompleteness of the vortex shape. Strikingly, the propagation behaviors of the vortex beams can be influenced by the interaction between the nonlinear phase and the spiral phase. This study would promote the development of optical computing and information processing science related to the interactions between optical vortices and samples.
In this chapter, we give a brief review of our recent research works on photonic bandgaps induced by standing-wave (SW) coupling fields in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). EIT refers to the absorption suppression or elimination of a weak probe going through an atomic ensemble at the presence of a strong coupling, which is a result of laser induced destructive quantum interference. On the other hand, a light signal cannot freely propagate in the media with periodic refractive indices (the so-called photonic crystals) if its carrier frequencies fall inside the photonic bandgaps. Utilizing a SW coupling to attain the periodically modulated refractive index with little absorption, one can establish an induced photonic bandgap with its width and position dynamically tunable. The potential media may be either cold atomic ensembles or solid materials exhibiting defect states, such as Pr3+: Y2SiO5 and diamond containing N-V color centers. We first consider the steady optical responses of the atomic and solid media with dynamically induced bandgaps to a time- independent probe by focusing on the dispersion curves of Bloch wave vectors and the spectra of reflection and transmission. Then, we examine the propagation dynamics of a probe pulse through a cold atomic sample in two different situations where a dynamically induced bandgap exists or not. We find that the SW coupling field can be easily modulated to mold the traveling-light flow and to control the stationary-light generation with quite high flexibility, and thus may have applications in the fields of classical and quantum information processing of optical signals. In performing theoretical simulations, we also demonstrated several different but almost equivalent mathematical methods, i.e. the two-mode approximation method, the transfer-matrix method, and the Maxwell-Liouville equation method, to deal with the problems of SW-EIT. Comparison of these methods is quite helpful to understand the underlying physics of the formation of dynamically induced photonic bandgaps.
Abstract We study the realization of the switching, routing and amplifying functions of an optical transistor by means of modulating the probe transmission signal and the four-wave mixing band gap signal by changing the relative phase and the nonlinear phase shift in an electromagnetically induced transparency medium based on an inverted Y-type four-level atomic system experimentally and theoretically. By changing the frequency detuning of relevant fields, we can change the nonlinear phase shift and correspondingly realize different functions. Through altering the incident angle of the dressing field, we can obtain different relative phases and realize further modulation for all-optical switches, routers and amplifiers. This scheme offers more flexible control parameters for the modulation of optical devices used in quantum information processing.
We first investigate the probe transmission signal (PTS) and the four wave mixing band gap signal (FWM BGS) modulated simultaneously by the relative phase and the nonlinear phase shift in the photonic band gap (PBG) structure. The switch between the absorption enhancement of PTS and the transmission enhancement of PTS with the help of changing the relative phase and the nonlinear phase shift is obtained in inverted Y-type four level atomic system experimentally and theoretically. The corresponding switch in PTS can be used to realize all optical switches. On other hand, the relative phase and the nonlinear phase shift also play the vital role to modulate the intensity of FWM BGS reflected from the PBG structure. And it can be potentially used to realize the optical amplifier.