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Quantum Electronics

Effect of optical lattice field on characteristics of a clock transition in thulium atoms

D. Mishin, Daniil I. Provorchenko, Dmitry O. Tregubov, Artem A. Golovizin, Ksenia Yu. Khabarova, В. Н. Сорокин, N. Kolachevsky

Published Jun 1, 2022• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract This paper presents a detailed analysis of the effect of the optical lattice field on clock transition spectroscopy, as exemplified by thulium atoms. We consider the applicability of the sifting of atoms in an optical lattice by ramping down the power of the laser light that produces it. This method allows the number of filled vibrational sublevels to be reduced down to a single vibrational state, without changing the inner state of the atoms. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated by the example of the spectroscopy of a clock transition in thulium atoms in the resolved sideband regime.

DOI
10.1070/qel18062

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Physics-Uspekhi•Feb 14, 2016•22 citations
Abstract This paper presents a detailed analysis of the effect of the optical lattice field on clock transition spectroscopy, as exemplified by thulium atoms. We consider the applicability of the sifting of atoms in an optical lattice by ramping down the power of the laser light that produces it. This method allows the number of filled vibrational sublevels to be reduced down to a single vibrational state, without changing the inner state of the atoms. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated by the example of the spectroscopy of a clock transition in thulium atoms in the resolved sideband regime.
Abstract The clock transition at a wavelength of 1.14 μm in thulium atoms in an optical lattice in the Lamb – Dick regime is studied. The capture of thulium atoms makes it possible to suppress completely both the transition broadening due to the first-order Doppler effect and the shift of the transition frequency caused by the recoil effect. The excitation spectra of sideband oscillation frequencies and Rabi oscillations of population between the clock transition levels upon resonance excitation are investigated.
The method of laser cooling of atoms, first implemented in the early 1980s at the Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISAN), turned out to be an exceptionally powerful tool that provided revolutionary breakthroughs in such areas as quantum sensorics, the physics of Bose±Einstein and Fermi-condensates, quantum informatics, and many others.It was precisely due to the laser cooling method that atomic fountains Ð the most accurate microwave clocks Ð made their appearance, and impetus was lent to the area of optical frequency standards, which today have surpassed the relative error of 10 À18 .In this review, dedicated to the 55th anniversary of the founding of ISAN, we will present some modern methods and experimental results aimed at the development of optical clocks on thulium atoms.In addition to the review part, the paper demonstrates a new experimental protocol for the preparation of thulium atoms using sideband cooling of the spectrally narrow 506.2-nm transition.Ensembles of atoms in the initial states of clock transitions in the ground vibrational sublevel of the optical lattice have been attained.
The deterministic excitation of thulium atoms from the ground vibrational state of the optical lattice potential to the first and second vibrational levels with efficiencies of 40 and 24%, respectively, has been demonstrated. The purity of the prepared vibrational states is at least 93 and 95% in the former and latter cases, respectively, and is limited by both the purity of the initial state and the non-resonant excitation of the clock transition carrier frequency. The obtained high efficiency and quality of the preparation of atoms in a given vibrational level make it possible to characterize and control the frequency shift of the clock transition due to the interaction of thulium atoms with the field of the optical lattice, which is necessary to achieve an uncertainty of 10–17 for the thulium optical clock.
Abstract A population transfer from the upper level of the clock transition in thulium atoms to the ground level is demonstrated by using radiation with a wavelength of 402 nm. The method for detecting the clock transition excitation that is not affected by technical fluctuations of the number of atoms in an optical lattice is investigated. The hyperfine splitting of the |4f12(3F2)5d5/2 6s2; J = 7/2〉 level in the thulium atom is measured to be 1480(9) MHz. The suggested method for population transfer can be applied to both the hyperfine components of the clock transition intended for compensating Zeeman effect in a thulium optical clock.
We review the current research on precision spectroscopy and quantum optics applications of laser-cooled lanthanides. We discuss the specific electronic structure of hollow atoms, which determine prospects for application in optical frequency standards and in quantum simulators based on spin interactions in optical lattices. Using the example of the thulium atom, we describe the specifics of laser cooling, optical lattice trapping techniques, and clock transition spectroscopy using spectrally narrow lasers.