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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Control of matter-wave solitons using an accelerating atomic mirror

Wei Hao Xiong, Peng Gao, Zhan-Ying Yang, Wen‐Li Yang

Published May 30, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We present a possible way to control matter-wave solitons, which is through the collision between solitons and an accelerating atomic mirror. The acceleration of the mirror has a nontrivial effect on the dynamical characters of the reflected solitons. In the one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates, when the acceleration of the mirror has the identical direction with the initial soliton’s velocity, the soliton will diffuse after collision; in the contrasting case, the soliton will shrink and then diffuse. We quantitatively explain the above dynamical phenomena by analyzing the atoms’ movement in the soliton, and demonstrate that the method can generate a similar effect to the phase imprinting technology. Moreover, considering the dipolar effect between atoms, this approach can be used for the generation and control of breathing solitons.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/ac748a

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Abstract We present a possible way to control matter-wave solitons, which is through the collision between solitons and an accelerating atomic mirror. The acceleration of the mirror has a nontrivial effect on the dynamical characters of the reflected solitons. In the one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates, when the acceleration of the mirror has the identical direction with the initial soliton’s velocity, the soliton will diffuse after collision; in the contrasting case, the soliton will shrink and then diffuse. We quantitatively explain the above dynamical phenomena by analyzing the atoms’ movement in the soliton, and demonstrate that the method can generate a similar effect to the phase imprinting technology. Moreover, considering the dipolar effect between atoms, this approach can be used for the generation and control of breathing solitons.
We predict that classes of coherent matter waves can self-accelerate without the presence of an external potential. Such Bose-Einstein condensates can follow arbitrary power-law trajectories and can also take the form of diffraction-free Airy waves. We also show that suitably engineered radially symmetric matter waves can abruptly autofocus in space and time. We suggest different schemes for the preparation of the condensate using laser beams to imprint an amplitude or a phase pattern onto the matter wave. Direct and Fourier space generation of such waves is discussed using continuous and binary masks as well as magnetic mirrors and lenses. We study the effect of interactions and find that independently of the type and strength of the nonlinearity, the dynamics are associated with the generation of accelerating matter waves. In the case of strong attractive interactions, the acceleration is increased while the radiation reorganizes itself in the form of soliton(s).
We numerically study the interaction dynamics of two bright solitons with zero initial velocities in the one-dimensional dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates. Under different dipolar strengths, the two bright solitons can merge into a breathing wave, and then split or propagate constantly after several oscillating periods. We quantitatively study the breathing frequency of wave after merging and the asymmetry property of solitons after splitting,and analyze their formation mechanism by the system’s energy evolution. Also, the change of initial phase difference brings distinct effects on the soliton interaction. Our results provide insight into the new dynamical phenomena in dipolar systems and enrich the understanding for interaction between dipolar solitons.
Abstract We numerically study the breathing dynamics induced by collision between bright solitons in one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates with strong dipole–dipole interaction. This breathing phenomenon is closely related to the after-collision short-lived attraction of solitons induced by the dipolar effect. The initial phase difference of solitons leads to the asymmetric dynamics after collision, which is manifested in their different breathing amplitude, breathing frequency, and atom number. We clarify that the asymmetry of breathing frequency is directly induced by the asymmetric atom number, rather than initial phase difference. Moreover, a collision between breathing solitons can produce new after-two-collision breathing solitons, whose breathing amplitude can be adjusted and reaches the maximum (or minimum) when the peak–peak (or dip–dip) collision happens.
We investigate exact matter-wave soliton pairs of two-component heteronuclear atomic Bose-Einstein condensates with tunable interactions and harmonic potentials by using a combination of the homogeneous balance principle and the FFF-expansion technique. Our results show that exact matter-wave soliton pairs are asymmetric where their existence requires some restrictive conditions corresponding to experimentally controllable interactions and harmonic potential parameters. In contrast to homonuclear systems, the potentials for two components in heteronuclear systems are different, which is due to the mass of two components being unequal. Considering two explicit situations of the interaction parameters, we further explore the collision dynamics of the soliton pairs with opposite velocities by synchronously controlling the interaction and potential parameters. The collision dynamics occur during and after the simultaneous evaporative cooling of two condensates. The results show that collisions are elastic and that the solitons after the collision can keep their identities. In addition, we find that the amplitudes of the soliton pairs periodically grow with time during the cooling process and, for the same initial conditions, the collision time of the soliton pair without gain is delayed compared with that with gain. We also discuss how to observe these new phenomena in future experiments.
The dynamics of the soliton in a self-attractive Bose–Einstein condensate under the gravity are investigated. First, we apply the inverse scattering method, which gives rise to equation of motion for the center-of-mass coordinate of the soliton. We analyze the amplitude-frequency characteristic for nonlinear resonance. Applying the Krylov–Bogoliubov method for the small parameters the dynamics of soliton on the phase plane are considered. Hamiltonian chaos under the action of the gravity on the Poincaré map are studied.