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Symmetry

Performance Analysis of Continuous Variable Quantum Teleportation with Noiseless Linear Amplifier in Seawater Channel

Hao Wu, Xu Liu, Hang Zhang, Xinchao Ruan, Ying Guo

Published May 13, 2022• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Continuous variable quantum teleportation (CVQT) is one of the technologies currently explored to implement global quantum networks. Entanglement source is an indispensable resource to realize CVQT, and its distribution process has natural symmetry. Though there are many results for CVQT over optical fiber or atmospheric channel, little attention is paid to seawater channel. In this paper, a model based on seawater chlorophyll concentration is used to study the attenuation effect of seawater on light. In our scheme, a noiseless linear amplifier is utilized for enhancing the performance of CVQT under seawater channel. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has an improvement in terms of fidelity and maximum transmission distance compared with the original scheme.

DOI
10.3390/sym14050997

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Continuous variable quantum teleportation (CVQT) is one of the technologies currently explored to implement global quantum networks. Entanglement source is an indispensable resource to realize CVQT, and its distribution process has natural symmetry. Though there are many results for CVQT over optical fiber or atmospheric channel, little attention is paid to seawater channel. In this paper, a model based on seawater chlorophyll concentration is used to study the attenuation effect of seawater on light. In our scheme, a noiseless linear amplifier is utilized for enhancing the performance of CVQT under seawater channel. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has an improvement in terms of fidelity and maximum transmission distance compared with the original scheme.
Continuous variable quantum teleportation (CVQT) plays an important role in practical quantum communication. However, the noise and loss in the actual environment will lead to the degradation of entanglement, which has an effect on the performance of the system in terms of the transmission distance and hence hinders its implementations. In this paper, we suggest an approach to improving the performance of the CVQT system with an embedded noiseless linear amplifier (NLA). By using the NLA, one can amplify the degenerated entangled source to compensate for the attenuation of the fiber. Then we consider the influences of the available gains of the NLA on the performance of the proposed scheme under different lossy channels and entangled sources. The simulation results show that the performance is improved in fidelity and transmission distance, which may provide a feasible and effective method of putting the long-distance CVQT into practical application .
Abstract The turbulence channel, as a potential medium for communications, plays a major role in establishing global quantum networks. However, the weather-tunable channel parameters have an influence on performance of quantum communication system. In this paper, we consider effects of weather conditions on attenuation of the transmission of turbulent channel and thus on performance of continuous variable quantum teleportation (CVQT). The serious weather conditions that involve snow, rain, fog and haze have been employed for security analysis of the practical system. Moreover, a linear optical amplifier is used for performance improvement in terms of the fidelity and transmission distance as well. The simulation results show that the noiseless linear optical amplifier can increase the fidelity and maximal transmission distance of the CVQT system that involves serious weather conditions. This has certain reference guides significance for information transmission in the face of various extreme weathers.
Underwater quantum communication plays a crucial role in ensuring secure data transmission and extensible quantum networks in underwater environments. However, the implementation of such applications encounters challenges due to the light attenuation caused by the complicated natural seawater. This paper focuses on employing a model based on seawater chlorophyll-a concentration to characterize the absorption and scattering of light through quantum channels. We propose a multi-scattering random channel model, which demonstrates characteristics of the excess noise in different propagation directions of communication links. Furthermore, we consider the fidelity of a continuous-variable quantum teleportation through seawater channel. To enhance transmission performance, non-Gaussian operations have been conducted. Numerical simulations show that incorporating non-Gaussian operations enables the protocol to achieve higher fidelity transmission or lower fidelity fading rates over longer transmission distances.
Abstract The current investigation on continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is mainly based on the optical fibre or the free space atmosphere channel, while the ocean, which covers most of the Earth, has not been well utilized. In this paper, we analyze the influence of depth and wavelength on the attenuation effect of seawater on light by using a model based on the concentration of chlorophyll-a, and propose an improved four-state underwater CV-QKD protocol with a heralded hybrid linear amplifier (HLA). Both homodyne detection with a phase-sensitive amplifier and heterodyne detection with a phase-insensitive amplifier are considered. Simulation results show that the introduction of the heralded HLA can effectively extend the secure transmission distance of the key. Besides, when the transmission distance is relatively long, the secret key rate of the protocol is higher than that of the protocol without HLA.
Abstract Quantum teleportation has achieved significant progress in the optical frequency domain but faces persistent challenges, including high transmission losses and limited transmittance. In contrast, the microwave frequency domain offers distinct advantages, such as reduced absorption losses, lower energy consumption, and compatibility with superconducting quantum technologies. To overcome the limitations of optical quantum teleportation, this study presents a microwave-based continuous-variable quantum teleportation (CVQT) scheme designed for open-air environments at room temperature. The proposed approach employs microwave two-mode squeezed states, with entanglement enhanced through quantum scissors operations to mitigate environmental degradation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the maximum transmission distance of microwave entangled states for CVQT is about 200 m at room temperature. The results also indicate that the microwave CVQT scheme achieves lower attenuation and higher fidelity over short distances compared to optical frequency CVQT under similar weather conditions. Moreover, microwave quantum states exhibit reduced sensitivity to weather-induced variations, highlighting their robustness and practicality for open-air quantum communication applications.
Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) can be potentially implemented through seawater channels, whereas the involved oceanic turbulence has a negative effect on the maximal transmission distance of quantum communication systems. Here, we demonstrate the effects of the oceanic turbulence on the performance of the CVQKD system and suggest an implementation feasibility of the passive CVQKD through the oceanic turbulence-based channel. We achieve the channel transmittance characterized by the transmission distance and depth of the seawater. Moreover, a non-Gaussian approach is used for performance improvement while counteracting the effects of excess noises on the oceanic channel. Numerical simulations show that the photon operation (PO) unit can bring reductions of excess noise when taking into account the oceanic turbulence, and hence results in performance improvement in terms of transmission distance and depth as well. The passive CVQKD explores the intrinsic field fluctuations of a thermal source without using an active scheme and hence has a promising application in chip integration for portable quantum communications.