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Princeton University Press eBooks

Chapter 17. The Decoherence Effect

Roland L. Omnes

Published Dec 31, 1999• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1515/9780691221922-018

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The ontological problem of quantum physics and the emergence of a backgroundless spacetime in the light of the theory of decoherence

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The aim of this thesis is to better understand the features of quantum matter that makes quantum gravity so hard to reach. In Chapter 3, we present two general models of decoherence, without specifying any Hamiltonian. The first one makes decoherence naturally appear as a geometrical phenomenon between reservoirs of dimensions. The second one specifically tackles the question of why, in a universe where decoherence is ubiquitous, things are not frozen by the quantum Zeno effect. In Chapter 4, we discuss the ontological problem of quantum physics, usuallyreferred to as the ‘measurement problem’. Our aim in this chapter is not to give a solution, but rather to formulate the problem independently of any interpretation of quantum mechanics, in the light of the theory of decoherence. In Chapter 5, a new ingredient is introduced in the discussion: spacetime. After investigating the apparent incompatibility between quantum mechanics and special relativity, we present a program of research and a toy model designed to build a backgroundless notion of position within the quantum formalism.

•Sep 20, 2024•0 citations
Beyond the basic interference effects introduced in Chapter 14, further interesting interference phenomena exist in semiconductor nanostructures, the discussion of which requires more prior knowledge. This chapter discusses the Fano effect in nanostructure transport that has been found in a number of very different experiments. Furthermore, it discusses experiments that measure the transmission phase in addition to the transmission probability using interferometric arrangements. Finally, the chapter returns to the topic of decoherence, and introduces experiments aiming at controlled decoherence of quantum states. This topic requires knowledge of interference and the basics of decoherence, and incorporates ideas of shot noise, the Aharonov–Bohm effect, the quantum Hall effect, double quantum dot physics, and the theory of quantum measurement.
The aim of this thesis is to better understand the features of quantum matter that makes quantum gravity so hard to reach. In Chapter 3, we present two general models of decoherence, without specifying any Hamiltonian. The first one makes decoherence naturally appear as a geometrical phenomenon between reservoirs of dimensions. The second one specifically tackles the question of why, in a universe where decoherence is ubiquitous, things are not frozen by the quantum Zeno effect. In Chapter 4, we discuss the ontological problem of quantum physics, usuallyreferred to as the ‘measurement problem’. Our aim in this chapter is not to give a solution, but rather to formulate the problem independently of any interpretation of quantum mechanics, in the light of the theory of decoherence. In Chapter 5, a new ingredient is introduced in the discussion: spacetime. After investigating the apparent incompatibility between quantum mechanics and special relativity, we present a program of research and a toy model designed to build a backgroundless notion of position within the quantum formalism.