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Frontiers in Optics

Modulation transfer in an electromagnetically induced transparency system

Andy W. Brown, Min Xiao

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Near ideal electromagnetically induced transparency conditions, coupling laser detuning is modulated with frequency Ω. The transfer function T(Ω) describing modulated absorption of the weak probe beam is calculated as a function of Ω. Effects on T(Ω) by various parameters are determined. Experimental measurements are in good agreement with predictions.

DOI
10.1364/fio.2004.ftup5

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Mar 2, 2007•1 citation
Near ideal electromagnetically induced transparency conditions, coupling laser detuning is modulated with frequency Ω. The transfer function T(Ω) describing modulated absorption of the weak probe beam is calculated as a function of Ω. Effects on T(Ω) by various parameters are determined. Experimental measurements are in good agreement with predictions.
Near the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency in a three-level system, the absorption experienced by the weak probe laser beam interacting with one transition is very sensitive to the frequency detuning of the strong-coupling laser beam coupled to another transition. When the frequency detuning of the coupling laser is modulated at different frequencies, the resulting change in probe absorption as a function of that modulation frequency can be described by a transfer function. The effects on the transfer function from various experimental parameters are calculated numerically. Experimental measurements are shown to be in good agreement with the predicted behavior.
We observed the transient oscillation in the spectra of electromagnetically induced transparency by rapidly sweeping the probe laser frequency. The spectra were measured with laser-cooled 87Rb atoms. We show that the amplitude of the transient oscillation decays exponentially at a rate of Ωc2/2Γ, where Ωc is the Rabi frequency of the coupling laser and Γ is the spontaneous decay rate of the excited state. Using the transient oscillation, we demonstrate a simple method to determine Ωc. This method is particularly useful with the low-intensity coupling laser.
We show two channel electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra at various optical power. The two channels are coupling field and probe field absorption. It is shown that EIT width and intensity increases linearly with pump power. A density matrix calculation is used to determine nature of EIT spectra induced by optical field. It has been observed that EIT occurs in cases when coupling laser is at fixed frequency while probe laser frequency is scanned, when coupling laser is frequency scanned and probe is at fixed frequency.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an inhomogenously broadened medium consisting of Λ-type three-level atoms has been analyzed. It is shown that the Λ system can induce a transparency of the medium when the probe laser and the coupling laser have the same frequency detunings (including zero). Across the EIT window, the radial variation of the strong coupling laser radiation may lead to electromagnetically induced focusing or defocusing of the weak probe laser at separate probe frequency detuning points.
Spontaneous transfer of coherence has proven to be a good interpretative scheme for the explantation of the spectra of a probe laser probing a closed degenerate two-level systems. With its aid it was possible to give an explanation for the emergence of electromagnetically induced absorption and also to make predictions on the associated coupling laser spectra. Here we extend our work on the role of the coupling laser in electromagnetically induced absorption presenting new measurements of the probe and coupling laser absorption and dispersion spectra - taken in the D2 line of caesium - which reassert the importance of spontaneous transfer of coherence in the generation of electromagnetically induced absorption spectra. All measurements were performed with linearly polarised coupling and probe laser of orthogonal polarisation, acting on a perpendicularly propagating caesium atomic beam to minimise the Doppler broadening of the lines. For sake of completeness we compared the electromagnetically induced absorption spectra with electromagnetically induced transparency spectra obtained in another two-level system within the same line. The measured probe spectra were used to calculate the refractive index of caesium in the presence of electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption. On that basis we could calculate the effect of Kerr nonlinearities and measure nonlinear Kerr coefficients of the order of n2 ≈ 10-5 cm2/mW with absorption coefficients of the order of &agr; ≈ 0.1 cm-1.