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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

A time-dependent theory of resonant multiphoton ionization of atoms by short pulses. I. Weak-field results for the two-photon ionization of caesium

Avi J. Adler, A. Rachman, Edward J. Robinson

Published Dec 14, 1995• 10 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/28/23/014

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A time-dependent theory of resonant multiphoton ionization of atoms by short pulses. II. Strong field results for the two-photon ionization of caesium

Avi J. Adler, A. Rachman, Edward J. Robinson

For pt.I see ibid., vol.28, p.5057-75 (1995). In the previous paper, a non-perturbative time-dependent theory of resonant multiphoton ionization by both smooth and rectangular pulses was derived, and as a first step, applied to the two-photon ionization of caesium in weak fields. In the present paper, we continue the analysis of the same system, extending the weak-field results and considering the case of stronger fields. At higher intensities the spectra exhibit energy modulations of a different character from those predicted for low power. Here, for stronger fields, the structure arises from Rabi oscillations, which, for the smooth pulses assumed here, are triggered by time-dependent Stark shifts. In order to obtain a better understanding of the energy oscillations, we also look at the photoelectron energy spectrum produced by a rectangular pulse, a problem which is solved exactly. We show that there are other sources of strong-field structure.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Dec 14, 1995•5 citations

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This paper reports the four-photon ionization of caesium atoms when the laser frequency is tuned through the resonant three-photon transition 6S → 6F. This experiment was performed by using a tunable-wavelength bandwidth-limited subnanosecond laser pulse at 1.06 μm, in the 108-109 W.cm-2 laser intensity range. Pulse widths of 1.5 ns, 50 ps, and 15 ps were used. The resonant character of the multiphoton ionization process was observed, even with the shortest pulse of 15 ps. Nevertheless the influence of a temporal effect is demonstrated according to theoretical predictions. The resonance shift ΔE of the 6S → 6F transition energy was found to be linear with the laser intensity I within the range 108-109 W.cm-2. ΔE = α I, with α = 2 cm-1/GW.cm-2. This result confirms previous measurements performed with single-mode 35 ns laser pulses and is in very good agreement with calculated resonance shifts.

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For pt.I see ibid., vol.28, p.5057-75 (1995). In the previous paper, a non-perturbative time-dependent theory of resonant multiphoton ionization by both smooth and rectangular pulses was derived, and as a first step, applied to the two-photon ionization of caesium in weak fields. In the present paper, we continue the analysis of the same system, extending the weak-field results and considering the case of stronger fields. At higher intensities the spectra exhibit energy modulations of a different character from those predicted for low power. Here, for stronger fields, the structure arises from Rabi oscillations, which, for the smooth pulses assumed here, are triggered by time-dependent Stark shifts. In order to obtain a better understanding of the energy oscillations, we also look at the photoelectron energy spectrum produced by a rectangular pulse, a problem which is solved exactly. We show that there are other sources of strong-field structure.
This paper studies the resonant multiphoton ionization (RMPI) phenomenon, in the case of caesium atoms interacting with the intense field of a neodymium-Glass laser. In the first part, we present a recent theory of RMPI, in a simplified form in order to obtain the main informations on the physics of RMPI. Then we present two experiments of RMPI : four-photon ionization of the caesium atom in its ground state, with a three-photon resonance on the 6F level and three-photon ionization of the caesium atom is its 62P3/2 state with a two-photon resonance on the 12F level. In the first experiment, the internal structure of the resonant transition is resolved, enabling us to point out and analyse the important effect of pulse shapes and focusing conditions on our experimental results, which are discussed in detail. We also give some new interpretations of results published previously [1]. In the second experiment, we measure the 12F fine structure — which is found to be (0.016 ± 0.008) cm-1 — and show that we have reached the limits imposed by the Doppler effect. These experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions suggesting that the physical picture given of RMPI by recent works on this subject is satisfactory.
This paper reports the four-photon ionization of caesium atoms when the laser frequency is tuned through the resonant three-photon transition 6S → 6F. This experiment was performed by using a tunable-wavelength bandwidth-limited subnanosecond laser pulse at 1.06 μm, in the 108-109 W.cm-2 laser intensity range. Pulse widths of 1.5 ns, 50 ps, and 15 ps were used. The resonant character of the multiphoton ionization process was observed, even with the shortest pulse of 15 ps. Nevertheless the influence of a temporal effect is demonstrated according to theoretical predictions. The resonance shift ΔE of the 6S → 6F transition energy was found to be linear with the laser intensity I within the range 108-109 W.cm-2. ΔE = α I, with α = 2 cm-1/GW.cm-2. This result confirms previous measurements performed with single-mode 35 ns laser pulses and is in very good agreement with calculated resonance shifts.