"Uncertainty Principle" Enters Science

Saptarshi Sahoo, Amit Kumar Mandal, Nirmalya Misra +1 more

Leon W. Cohen

We give a simple derivation for the covariance of time and frequency. The simplicity remains when applied to arbitrary variables. We show that the covariance enters into the uncertainty principle in a fundamental way. Also we present a seeming paradox: the uncertainty principle depends only on the marginals, but the marginals carry no information about covariance. Then how is it possible that the uncertainty principle involves the covariance? The resolution of the paradox clarifies a number of issues regarding the existence of well behaved manifestly positive joint distributions of time and frequency.>

David Appell

Miguel Lunetta

Francis T. S. Yu

Since quantum mechanics is one of the pillars of modern science, this chapter discusses one of the most intriguing principles in quantum mechanics, the uncertainty principle. In this it examines Heisenberg's principle was based on a diffraction limited observation, instead of upon a “nature” of time, developing his principle. There is a profound relationship between science and mathematics, in which people have seen that without mathematics there would be no science. In other words, science needs mathematics but mathematics does not need science. Although science is mathematics, mathematics is not science. Since an empty subspace has “no time”, all particles within the subspace collapse or “superimpose” instantly all together at t = 0, because time is distance and distance is time. This is precisely what the “simultaneous and instantaneous” superposition principle does in quantum mechanics. One of the most intriguing principles in quantum theory must be Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.

Francis T. S. Yu

It is our science governs the mathematics and it is “not” our mathematics governs our science. One of the very important aspects is that every science has to comply with the boundary condition of our universe; dimensionality and temporal (t > 0) or causality. In which I have shown that time is real and it is not an illusion, since every aspect within our universe is coexisted with time. Since our universe is a temporal (t > 0) subspace, everything within our universe is temporal. Science is mathematics but mathematics is not science, we have shown that any analytic solution has to be temporal (t > 0); otherwise, it cannot be implemented within our universe. Which includes all the laws, principles, and theories have to be temporal? Uncertainty principle is one of the most fascinated principles in quantum mechanics, yet Heisenberg principle was based on diffraction limited observation, it is not due to the nature of time. We have shown it is the temporal (t > 0) uncertainty that changes with time. We have introduced a certainty principle as in contrast with uncertainty principle. Of which certainty subspace can be created within our universe; which can be exploited for application. Overall of this chapter is to show that; it is not how rigorous the mathematics is, it is the physical realizable paradigm that we embrace.