In this paper we report a new method to obtain sufficient two wave mixing in Rb:BaTiO3 using a Bi12TiO20(Bismuth Titanium Oxide) crystal and small power He-Ne laser which, other wise is not possible as the later responds to infrared wavelengths. The BTO crystal is optically active and when placed along the path of a laser beam it rotates its plane of polarization and this rotation increases with respect to length of the crystal. In a conventional two wave mixing geometry the Rb:BaTiO3 crystal is kept in such a way that the two collimated laser beams are allowed to interfere. When the BTO crystal is kept along one of the paths of interfering beams then the energy of laser beams after mixing inside Rb:BaTiO3 changes due to the optical activity of BTO. We were able to achieve appreciable wave mixing like undoped BaTiO3 with small power He-Ne laser.
Microscopic theories predict that the critical temperature of a superconducting layer can be strongly modified in proximity to a ferroelectric; however, experimental evidence is lacking. We report on BaTiO3 (BTO)/YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) heterostructures grown on SrTiO3 (001) substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), with precise control of growth conditions and oxygen stoichiometry. Piezoresponse force microscopy confirms ferroelectric switching within both single-layer and heterostructured films. Neutron reflectometry measurements show low roughness parameters for the buried interfaces, which is critical for mediating the interfacial coupling between superconductivity and ferroelectric polarization. The superconducting transition temperature (
TCR) measured from the
R(T) curve of the single-layer YBCO was approximately 86 K, and a transition temperature (
TCM) of approximately 80-85 K was observed from the
M(T) curve. For the heterostructure film (YBCO/BTO/YBCO) grown under the same conditions, both resistivity and magnetization measurements indicate lower transition temperatures of approximately 75 K and approximately 55 K, respectively, as well as a lower overall susceptibility. These findings highlight the need to combine multiple techniques to characterize BTO/YBCO heterostructures and identify subtle features of the ferroelectric--superconducting coupling. This establishes BTO/YBCO heterostructures as promising systems for tunable oxide electronics and reconfigurable superconducting devices.