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Frontiers in Optics

Two wave mixing analysis in Rb:BaTiO3 using Bi12TiO20

Arun Anand, Chittur Subramanian Narayanamurthy

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations

Abstract

In this paper we report a new method to obtain sufficient two wave mixing in Rb:BaTiO3 using a Bi12TiO20(Bismuth Titanium Oxide) crystal and small power He-Ne laser which, other wise is not possible as the later responds to infrared wavelengths. The BTO crystal is optically active and when placed along the path of a laser beam it rotates its plane of polarization and this rotation increases with respect to length of the crystal. In a conventional two wave mixing geometry the Rb:BaTiO3 crystal is kept in such a way that the two collimated laser beams are allowed to interfere. When the BTO crystal is kept along one of the paths of interfering beams then the energy of laser beams after mixing inside Rb:BaTiO3 changes due to the optical activity of BTO. We were able to achieve appreciable wave mixing like undoped BaTiO3 with small power He-Ne laser.

DOI: 10.1364/ls.2007.lthb4

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In this paper we report a new method to obtain sufficient two wave mixing in Rb:BaTiO3 using a Bi12TiO20(Bismuth Titanium Oxide) crystal and small power He-Ne laser which, other wise is not possible as the later responds to infrared wavelengths. The BTO crystal is optically active and when placed along the path of a laser beam it rotates its plane of polarization and this rotation increases with respect to length of the crystal. In a conventional two wave mixing geometry the Rb:BaTiO3 crystal is kept in such a way that the two collimated laser beams are allowed to interfere. When the BTO crystal is kept along one of the paths of interfering beams then the energy of laser beams after mixing inside Rb:BaTiO3 changes due to the optical activity of BTO. We were able to achieve appreciable wave mixing like undoped BaTiO3 with small power He-Ne laser.

We report our observations of optical bistabilities and hysteresis1 in photorefractive passive phase conjugate resonators with BaTiO3, caused by grating erasure effects between two resonators in three different configurations. Bistable oscillations have been observed between two semilinear oscillators, two ring resonators, and also between a ring and a semilinear resonator. In the experimental arrangement used for bistability studies, a single-mode argon ion laser beam (4880 Å) entered the crystal in a face appropriate for self-pumped phase conjugation. However, the orientation is kept in such a way that no self-pumped phase conjugation is observable if none of the resonators is in operation. In this geometry, bistability and hysteresis were observed in the signal intensity of one resonator as the reflectivity of the variable beam reflector in the second resonator was increased and then decreased in a cycle. Bistability was also seen in the signal intensity of a single resonator as a function of the reflectivity of the external mirror.

In a double two-wave mixing arrangement a signal wave couples with two different pump waves in a photorefractive Bi12TiO20 crystal with applied electric DC field. Both pump waves fall into the crystal at different locations (or at different times at the same location). A phase shift from steady state in the signal wave leads in both cases to different mixed signal intensities. Based on this, phase shifts of the incident signal wave can be measured with a resolution down to λ/50 (wavelength λ = 633 nm) and the sign of the phase shift can be determined.

We demonstrate a phase-conjugating mirror that has a continuous-wave power reflectivity much greater than unity (gain ~100). This mirror uses nonresonant degenerate four-wave mixing in a single crystal of barium titanate (BaTiO3). With our mirror we have (1) observed cw self-oscillation in an optical resonator formed by this mirror and a normal mirror, (2) demonstrated a cw oscillator that, in spite of phase-distorting material placed inside the resonator, will always emit a TEM00 mode, and (3) demonstrated an optical image amplifier. This mirror will work at any visible wavelength and with weak (milliwatt or weaker) pump beams.

We demonstrate a phase-conjugating mirror that has a continuous-wave power reflectivity much greater than unity (gain ~100). This mirror uses nonresonant degenerate four-wave mixing in a single crystal of barium titanate (BaTiO3). With our mirror we have (1) observed cw self-oscillation in an optical resonator formed by this mirror and a normal mirror, (2) demonstrated a cw oscillator that, in spite of phase-distorting material placed inside the resonator, will always emit a TEM00 mode, and (3) demonstrated an optical image amplifier. This mirror will work at any visible wavelength and with weak (milliwatt or weaker) pump beams.