An attempt at quantum thermal physics

Jaroslav S̈esták

F. C. Khanna, Adolfo P. C. Malbouisson, J. M. C. Malbouisson +1 more

François Barriquand

Thermodynamic random processes in thermal systems are generally associated with one or several relaxation times, the inverse of which are formally homogeneous with energy. Here, we show in a precise way that the periodic modification of relaxation times during temperature-constant thermodynamic cycles can be thermodynamically beneficiary to the operator. This result holds as long as the operator who adjusts relaxation times does not attempt to control the randomness associated with relaxation times itself as a Maxwell 'demon' would do. Indirectly, our result also shows that thermal randomness appears satisfactorily described within a conventional quantum-statistical framework, and that the attempts advocated notably by Ilya Prigogine to go beyond a Hilbert space description of quantum statistics do not seem justified - at least according to the present state of our knowledge. Fundamental interpretation of randomness, either thermal or quantum mechanical, is briefly discussed.

Yukihiro Ota, Shuji Mikami, Motoyuki Yoshida +1 more

Recently, Yu, Brown, and Chuang [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 71}, 032341 (2005)] investigated the entanglement attainable from unitary transformed thermal states in liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Their research gave an insight into the role of the entanglement in a liquid-state NMR quantum computer. Moreover, they attempted to reveal the role of mixed-state entanglement in quantum computing. However, they assumed that the Zeeman energy of each nuclear spin which corresponds to a qubit takes a common value for all; there is no chemical shift. In this paper, we research a model with the chemical shifts and analytically derive the physical parameter region where unitary transformed thermal states are entangled, by the positive partial transposition (PPT) criterion with respect to any bipartition. We examine the effect of the chemical shifts on the boundary between the separability and the nonseparability, and find it is negligible.

Tsunehiro Kobayashi

Riam Daou

The precise physical nature of information remains an open wound on the side of modern physics. While often treated as an abstract mathematical quantity, recent developments in the Mass-Energy-Information Equivalence Principle argue for a more material interpretation: that information carries finite mass. Parallel to this, the field of quantum biology has long wrestled with the possibility of macroscopic coherent states within living systems, most notably through the Orchestrated Objective Reduction hypothesis. This article offers a perspective that attempts to weld these two speculative frameworks into a single, testable prediction. We explore the speculative hypothesis that if biological systems indeed sustain macroscopic quantum coherence, their eventual decoherence must—according to information conservation principles—result in a physical massdefect. Unlike thermal dissipation, which is diffusive and slow, this ”information crash” should theoretically release a sharp, gravitationally detectable transient. Here, we outline the constraints of such an event and propose a conceptual protocol using near-field atom interferometry to isolate this signal from the thermal background. The goal of this perspective is to move the debate on biological information from philosophy into the realm of falsifiable experimental physics.