The Quantum World Unveiled by Electron Waves

Akira Tonomura

彰 外村

Magnetic lines of force what are waves? interfering electrons electron holography coherent electron beams developed! wave-particle duality interference electron microscopy magnetic lines of force in the microscopic world Aharonov-Bohm effect vector potentials, real or not? quantum world in superconductors.

Akira Tonomura

Shubhayan Sarkar

The work challenges the concept of ``classical independence'' between physical systems by demonstrating that within quantum theory two systems can affect each other despite no observable changes, unveiling the interconnected nature of the quantum world. The findings also unveil potential applications for device-independent certification of quantum states and measurements.

David Blair

This chapter explores the patterns of electron probability waves around atoms, called orbitals, and the way they spread out to encompass groups of atoms to make molecules, and spread out even further to become the conduction bands in metals that allow electrons to flow freely. It shows standing waves, from optical standing waves created when laser light is reflected back on itself, to sound waves in metal plates, to probability waves for electrons in hydrogen, and one created when electrons reflect off atoms in a metal surface. The physics of atoms allows the reader to understand how the world works. The Pauli exclusion principle explains the structure of atoms and, astonishingly, also explains white dwarf stars and neutron stars. The world of atoms and solids is the world around the reader, but the tiny size of atoms and quantum rules that they obey is normally considered beyond the reach of school science.

D. C. Glattli