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WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks

The quantum world unveiled by electron waves

彰 外村

Published Jan 1, 1998• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Magnetic lines of force what are waves? interfering electrons electron holography coherent electron beams developed! wave-particle duality interference electron microscopy magnetic lines of force in the microscopic world Aharonov-Bohm effect vector potentials, real or not? quantum world in superconductors.

Related papers

QUANTUM PHENOMENA VISUALIZED BY ELECTRON WAVES

Akira Tonomura

Quantum phenomena have become directly observable with the development of advanced techniques such as coherent field-emission electron beams, sensitive detectors, and microlithography. Examples are the single-electron build-up of an interference pattern, which contains, as R. Feynman describes in his textbook, the heart of quantum mechanics, and the Aharonov–Bohm (AB) effect, which indicates the physical significance of gauge fields. Using the AB effect, i.e., the fundamental principle behind the interaction of an electron wave with electromagnetic fields, new ways to directly observe previously unobservable microscopic quantum objects and phenomena were developed by detecting the phase of electrons.

International Journal of Modern Physics B•Dec 30, 2007•1 citation

The Aharonov-Bohm effect and its applications to electron phase microscopy

Akira Tonomura

The Aharonov-Bohm effect was conclusively established by a series of our electron interference experiments, with the help of some advanced techniques, such as coherent field-emission electron beams and microlithography. Using this fundamental principle behind the interaction of an electron wave with electromagnetic fields, new observation techniques were developed to directly observe microscopic objects and quantum phenomena previously unobservable.

Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B•Jan 1, 2006•18 citations

Imaging the quantum world using the phase of electron waves

Akira Tonomura

Electrons are always detected as particles, but can also show wave properties. This apparently incompatible nature of electrons that quantum mechanics predicts can now be experimentally demonstrated. In addition, the wave properties of electrons can be utilized to directly observe quantum phenomena which have begun to appear at many places in nanoscopic regions. Examples include the observation of quantized vortices in superconductors by using bright electron beams we developed.

IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE NANO)•Sep 9, 2005•0 citations

New Mechanism of Aharonov Bohm Effect

Jiaqing Yan

The traditional Aharonov Bohm effect (AB effect) attributes the light and dark fringes on screen to phase interference of electron matter wave. It presumes that the magnetic field outside the solenoid equals zero and particles receive no force. This system has long served as key support for wave particle duality. This paper completely abandons the hypothesis of wave interference and quantum phase. It establishes the model of electron vibrating point particle to reveal the real physical mechanism of AB effect. Fringes are not superposition product of waves. They are formed by differential deflection of charged electrons under magnetic force and Coulomb repulsion, followed by regular superposition of two upper and lower particle beams. Both magnetic force and Coulomb repulsion are long range forces. They only differ in effective action range and variation rule of force with distance. Comparative experiments using direct current solenoid and direct current long straight wire can falsify the unrealistic assumption that magnetic field outside coil cancels out to zero. Supporting single side shielding verification experiment can directly test the correctness of orthodox quantum interpretation. Electrons have no wave property. As long as point particles with inherent vibration are modulated by field, they can form fringe similar to interference fringe. Photons are also point particles with inherent vibration. When photons pass through slits, they interact with slit wall and produce deflection, so as to form photon diffraction and interference fringes. The hypothesis of wave particle duality is invalid.

•Oct 2, 2026•0 citations

Quantum Paths

Hui Khoon Ng, Rui Han

Quantum Optics and Open Quantum Systems Wave-Particle Duality Mutually Unbiased Bases and the Mean King's Problem Foundations of Quantum Mechanics Cold Atoms and Density Functionals Information About Quantum Systems Personal Anecdotes

WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks•Jan 8, 2015•1 citation

ANALYSIS KUANTUM DAN VERIFIKASI EFEK AHARONOV-CASHER (QUANTUM ANALYSIS AND VERIFICATION OF THE AHAROVO V-CA SHER EFFECT)

Muslim Juliasih Partini

ABSTRACT\nThe interaction of charged and uncharged particles with intrinsic magnetic moment for the latter with an electromagnetic field in the microworld brings out the actual role of the electromagnetic potentials as emphasized in quantum theory which generate electromagnetic interaction via gauge invariance requirement.\nIn the Aharonov-Bohm (A-B) effect (dealing with two electron coherent beams passing a double slit system), the resulting interference pattern is shifted by the insertion of a very long solenoid between the two electron beams with an influence described by the magnetic vector\npotential A on the electron wave functions. Aharonov and Casher presented the complement of the Aharonov-Bohm effect involving the role of the electric scalar potential co on a beam of neutrons each carrying an internal magnetic dipole moment. A similar shift in the interference pattern is found involving two coherent neutron beam interference, where the solenoid in the A-B arrangement is replaced by an electric line charge, and the electrons by polarized neutrons. The effective Hamiltonian describing the two effects is used to determine the interference pattern.\nThe experiment to verify the existence of the Aharonov-Bohm effect which have been performed using an electron holography with a small toroidal ferromagnetic substance confining a magnetic flux by Tonomura in 1982 is discussed. The Aharonov-Casher effect, which was conducted using a Bonse-Hart single-crystal neutron interferometer by A. Cirnmino in 1989, is also discussed. Both experimental results lead to the same phenomenon: a phase shift in the observed pattern interference quantitatively explained as caused by the influence of the proper component of the electrodynamic potentials.\n\nKey Word: Kuantum, Aharonov- cahser

Teknosains•Jan 1, 2001•0 citations
Quantum phenomena have become directly observable with the development of advanced techniques such as coherent field-emission electron beams, sensitive detectors, and microlithography. Examples are the single-electron build-up of an interference pattern, which contains, as R. Feynman describes in his textbook, the heart of quantum mechanics, and the Aharonov–Bohm (AB) effect, which indicates the physical significance of gauge fields. Using the AB effect, i.e., the fundamental principle behind the interaction of an electron wave with electromagnetic fields, new ways to directly observe previously unobservable microscopic quantum objects and phenomena were developed by detecting the phase of electrons.
The traditional Aharonov Bohm effect (AB effect) attributes the light and dark fringes on screen to phase interference of electron matter wave. It presumes that the magnetic field outside the solenoid equals zero and particles receive no force. This system has long served as key support for wave particle duality. This paper completely abandons the hypothesis of wave interference and quantum phase. It establishes the model of electron vibrating point particle to reveal the real physical mechanism of AB effect. Fringes are not superposition product of waves. They are formed by differential deflection of charged electrons under magnetic force and Coulomb repulsion, followed by regular superposition of two upper and lower particle beams. Both magnetic force and Coulomb repulsion are long range forces. They only differ in effective action range and variation rule of force with distance. Comparative experiments using direct current solenoid and direct current long straight wire can falsify the unrealistic assumption that magnetic field outside coil cancels out to zero. Supporting single side shielding verification experiment can directly test the correctness of orthodox quantum interpretation. Electrons have no wave property. As long as point particles with inherent vibration are modulated by field, they can form fringe similar to interference fringe. Photons are also point particles with inherent vibration. When photons pass through slits, they interact with slit wall and produce deflection, so as to form photon diffraction and interference fringes. The hypothesis of wave particle duality is invalid.
ABSTRACT\nThe interaction of charged and uncharged particles with intrinsic magnetic moment for the latter with an electromagnetic field in the microworld brings out the actual role of the electromagnetic potentials as emphasized in quantum theory which generate electromagnetic interaction via gauge invariance requirement.\nIn the Aharonov-Bohm (A-B) effect (dealing with two electron coherent beams passing a double slit system), the resulting interference pattern is shifted by the insertion of a very long solenoid between the two electron beams with an influence described by the magnetic vector\npotential A on the electron wave functions. Aharonov and Casher presented the complement of the Aharonov-Bohm effect involving the role of the electric scalar potential co on a beam of neutrons each carrying an internal magnetic dipole moment. A similar shift in the interference pattern is found involving two coherent neutron beam interference, where the solenoid in the A-B arrangement is replaced by an electric line charge, and the electrons by polarized neutrons. The effective Hamiltonian describing the two effects is used to determine the interference pattern.\nThe experiment to verify the existence of the Aharonov-Bohm effect which have been performed using an electron holography with a small toroidal ferromagnetic substance confining a magnetic flux by Tonomura in 1982 is discussed. The Aharonov-Casher effect, which was conducted using a Bonse-Hart single-crystal neutron interferometer by A. Cirnmino in 1989, is also discussed. Both experimental results lead to the same phenomenon: a phase shift in the observed pattern interference quantitatively explained as caused by the influence of the proper component of the electrodynamic potentials.\n\nKey Word: Kuantum, Aharonov- cahser