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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Toward Novel Coherence Protection and Sensing Techniques: Closed Counter Interaction Using a Single Spin

Mark Kasperczyk, Johannes Kölbl, Arne Barfuss, Patrick Maletinsky

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By studying Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) centers embedded in diamond cantilevers, we show that the coupling between the cantilever and the NV leads to novel coherent population dynamics when combined with two microwave driving fields.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2019.jw3a.1

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We present results of our research on two-field (two-frequency) microwave spectroscopy in nitrogen-vacancy ($\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) color centers in a diamond. Both fields are tuned to transitions between the spin sublevels of the $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ensemble in the 3A2{}^{3}{A}_{2}3A2​ ground state (one field has a fixed frequency while the second one is scanned). Particular attention is focused on the case where two microwave fields drive the same transition between two $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ground state sublevels (${m}_{\mathrm{s}}=0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{m}_{\mathrm{s}}=+1$). In this case, the observed spectra exhibit a complex narrow structure composed of three Lorentzian resonances positioned at the pump-field frequency. The resonance widths and amplitudes depend on the lifetimes of the levels involved in the transition. We attribute the spectra to coherent population oscillations induced by the two nearly degenerate microwave fields, which we have also observed in real time. The observations agree well with a theoretical model and can be useful for investigation of the NV relaxation mechanisms.
Quantum computing and quantum sensing have received much attention in recent years. As an atomic quantum system with super-long coherence time and spin-dependent optical transitions at room temperature, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is one of the well-studied physical systems in quantum information science. In this review, we brief the working principles and quantum control techniques of this single spin system, and also several experimental demonstrations. We focus on the following points:1) coherent manipulation of single spins with optically detected magnetic resonance; 2) main mechanism of NV election spin decoherence and schemes of coherence protection; 3) quantum sensing and quantum computing applications of spin quantum control techniques. Some open questions are discussed at the end of this review.
Abstract Solid state spins have demonstrated significant potential in quantum sensing with applications including fundamental science, medical diagnostics and navigation. The quantum sensing schemes showing best performance under ambient conditions all utilize microwave or radio-frequency driving, which poses a significant limitation for miniaturization, energy efficiency, and non-invasiveness of quantum sensors. We overcome this limitation by demonstrating a purely optical approach to coherent quantum sensing. Our scheme involves the 15N nuclear spin of the Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center in diamond as a sensing resource, and exploits NV spin dynamics in oblique magnetic fields near the NV’s excited state level anti-crossing to optically pump the nuclear spin into a quantum superposition state. We demonstrate all-optical free-induction decay measurements—the key protocol for low-frequency quantum sensing—both on single spins and spin ensembles. Our results pave the way for highly compact quantum sensors to be employed for magnetometry or gyroscopy applications in challenging environments.
In recent years, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond have become excellent solid-state quantum sensors due to their electronic spin properties. Especially for their easy optical initialization and detection, together with their very large spin coherence at room temperature. Many studies have reported their use for sensing temperature, strain, electric fields, and mainly magnetic fields. Here, we show how to build a two-dimensional map of the electronic spin coherence of an ensemble of NV centers in ultra-pure diamond, using an optical imaging protocol combined with microwave pulses relying simply on a regular CCD camera.
As a demand from developing nanotechnology and quantum information technology based on mesoscopic material, quantum sensors with better spatial resolution and sensitivity are required. \n \nHowever, few material meets the requirements of nanoscale sensors including stability and small size. Single spin of Nitrogen-Vacancy(NV) centers in diamond crystal is one kind of the ideal quantum sensors for magnetometry that has been investigated in recent years. It provides a potential way to study the dynamics in a mesoscopic system with high sensitivity at room temperature. This thesis proposes a theoretical method to realize spin interaction detection based on NV centers on an atomic force-microscopy(AFM) tip. To realize this method, a robust control on NV centers and target electron spins at zero magnetic field is necessary. A pulse control technique for NV centers is proposed to realize transitions between two degenerate states at zero magnetic field, which is an important part of the sensing method. The key to realizing this transition is a circularly polarized microwave pulse generated by two parallel wires. Combined with optimal control techniques, this pulse can achieve a gate fidelity over 99.95% theoretically.