Rigorous results on valence-bond ground states in antiferromagnets
Ian K. Affleck, Tom Kennedy, Élliott H. Lieb +1 more
We present rigorous results on a phase in antiferromagnets in one dimension and more, which we call a valence-bond solid. The ground state is simply constructed out of valence bonds, is nondegenerate, and breaks no symmetries. There is an energy gap and an exponentially decaying correlation function. Physical applications are mentioned.
Physical Review Letters•Aug 17, 1987•2,223 citations