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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Theory of time-resolved correlation spectroscopy and its application to resonance fluorescence radiation

L. Knöll, G Weber, Thorwirth Sven Schäfer

Published Dec 28, 1984• 40 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using the concept of the time-dependent physical spectrum introduced by Eberly and Wodkiewicz (1977) the authors develop the theoretical basis of time-resolved correlation spectroscopy. The corresponding measuring device consists of two coupled photodetectors with frequency resolving equipment in front of each. A formula is presented for the time-resolved correlation spectrum depending on two time and two frequency arguments. It may be used to gain insight into the time correlation of photons with given frequencies. The authors apply the theory to the resonance fluorescence radiation of a two-level atom irradiated monochromatically. It is shown that in the case of a weak irradiation with large detuning the photons are emitted in a definite time order into the two sidebands of the fluorescence triplet. Under strong resonant irradiation the photons show up bunching (antibunching) behaviour if they belong to different (equal) sidebands. In addition to these results which are already known the authors present new results concerning intermediate situations.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/17/24/020

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Using the concept of the time-dependent physical spectrum introduced by Eberly and Wodkiewicz (1977) the authors develop the theoretical basis of time-resolved correlation spectroscopy. The corresponding measuring device consists of two coupled photodetectors with frequency resolving equipment in front of each. A formula is presented for the time-resolved correlation spectrum depending on two time and two frequency arguments. It may be used to gain insight into the time correlation of photons with given frequencies. The authors apply the theory to the resonance fluorescence radiation of a two-level atom irradiated monochromatically. It is shown that in the case of a weak irradiation with large detuning the photons are emitted in a definite time order into the two sidebands of the fluorescence triplet. Under strong resonant irradiation the photons show up bunching (antibunching) behaviour if they belong to different (equal) sidebands. In addition to these results which are already known the authors present new results concerning intermediate situations.
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The authors give a theoretical description of the spectrally resolved intensity correlations of an electromagnetic field, in analogy with the definition of the physical time-dependent spectrum. The results are applied to evaluate the time correlations between the three lines in the spectrum of resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom. The authors include the possibility of a finite bandwidth of the incident radiation, and they allow for collisions with perturber atoms. Photons in the central Rayleigh line are emitted in a fully random fashion, without any correlation with previous or subsequent emissions. Two photons from the same sideband display antibunching in time, whereas two photons from opposite sidebands tend to bunch with a strong asymmetry in time. The effect of collisions and of a finite bandwidth is to diminish this asymmetry.
We study the correlation between photons in the fluorescence light scattered from an atom driven by an intense bichromatic field having one strong and one weak component, with or without the use of frequency filters in front of the photodetectors. Depending on the filters used and on the spectral components selected, we predict signals corresponding either to bunching or to antibunching, and modulations at the driving field Rabi frequencies as well as at their sum and difference. In contrast with the case of monochromatic driving, the antibunching can occur between photons emitted into different (as well as the same) lines of the fluorescence spectrum.
Abstract Frequency-resolved photon statistics of resonance fluorescence generated from a two-level system driven by a strong laser field and a weak laser field with equal frequencies are studied. The frequency resolution of fluorescent radiation is described by quantum filtering dynamics, which is simulated theoretically by two single-mode quantum optical cavities with tunable frequencies to scan the incident fluorescent radiation. By calculating the two-photon intensity–intensity correlation functions in terms of the cavity modes, we demonstrate that two-color strong correlations of resonance fluorescence can be generated not only between the opposite sidebands, but also between the central band and one of the sidebands: although both sidebands are broadened due to the perturbation of the weak laser field on the strong-field dressed atom. We emphasize that these properties are in contrast to the conventional case of the standard single-atom Mollow triplet. Moreover, if the resonance frequencies of the two filtering cavities are tuned appropriately, broadband two-color strong correlations are predicted, and the physical origin is revealed from the perspective of quantum interference of photon emission dynamics. This can be considered as a feasible scheme for the design of broadband non-classical light sources, and may be beneficial to the quantum precise detection of atomic and molecular dynamics via quantum optical spectroscopy.
The normalised intensity correlation function of resonance fluorescence radiation from two-level atoms is studied in various respects. In the first part of the paper the author discusses only interference effects for several uncoupled, linearly arranged, atoms. It is shown that, depending on the distance between the atoms, the direction of observation and the strength of the driving field, an antibunching effect as well as a very big bunching effect may be observed. In the second part of the paper he studies for the case of two atoms and weak external fields the influence of the interaction between the atoms by means of a perturbation theory. It is shown that the coupling between the atoms strongly modifies the normalised intensity correlation function in comparison with the case of uncoupled atoms. He takes as the driving field a coherent external field as well as laser light and thermal light.