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Journal Club for Condensed Matter Physics

Odd Parity Time-Reversal Violating Order in Cold Bosons

Published Oct 2, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Interaction-induced chiral px+ipy superfluid order of bosons in an optical lattice. Authors : M. Olschlager, T. Kock, G. Wirth, A. Ewerbeck, C. Morais Smith, and A. Hemmerich. New Journal of Physics, 15 (2013) 083041 Recommended with a Commentary by Tin-Lun Ho, Ohio State University |View Commentary| DOI: 10.36471/JCCM_September_2013_02 https://doi.org/10.36471/JCCM_September_2013_02

DOI
10.36471/jccm_september_2013_02

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Interaction-induced chiral px+ipy superfluid order of bosons in an optical lattice. Authors : M. Olschlager, T. Kock, G. Wirth, A. Ewerbeck, C. Morais Smith, and A. Hemmerich. New Journal of Physics, 15 (2013) 083041 Recommended with a Commentary by Tin-Lun Ho, Ohio State University |View Commentary| DOI: 10.36471/JCCM_September_2013_02 https://doi.org/10.36471/JCCM_September_2013_02
The study of superconductivity with unconventional order is complicated in condensed matter systems by their extensive complexity. Optical lattices with their exceptional precision and control allow one to emulate superfluidity avoiding many of the complications of condensed matter. A promising approach to realize unconventional superfluid order is to employ orbital degrees of freedom in higher Bloch bands. In recent work, indications were found that bosons condensed in the second band of an optical chequerboard lattice might exhibit p x ± i p y order. Here we present experiments, which provide strong evidence for the emergence of p x ± i p y order driven by the interaction in the local p-orbitals. We compare our observations with a multi-band Hubbard model and find excellent quantitative agreement.
The realization of optical lattices of cold atoms has opened up the possibility of engineering interacting lattice systems of bosons and fermions, stimulating a frenzy of research over the last decade. More recently, experimental techniques have been developed to apply synthetic gauge fields to these optical lattices. As a result, it has become possible to study quantum Hall physics and the effects of frustration in lattices of cold atoms. In this article we describe the combined effect of frustration and interactions on the superfluidity of bosons. By focussing on a frustrated ladder of interacting bosons, we show that the effect of frustration is for ``chiral'' order to develop, which manifests itself as an alternating pattern of circulating supercurrents. Remarkably, this order persists even when superfluidity is lost and the system enters a Mott phase giving rise to a novel chiral Mott insulator. We describe the combined physics of frustration and interactions by studying a fully frustrated one dimensional model of interacting bosons. The model is studied using mean-field theory, a direct quantum simulation and a higher dimensional classical theory in order to offer a full description of the different quantum phases contained in it and transitions between the different phases. In addition, we provide physical descriptions of the chiral Mott insulator as a vortex-anitvortex super solid and indirect excitonic condensate in addition to obtaining a variational wavefunction for it. We also briefly describe the chiral Mott states arising in other microscopic models.
Whereas the underlying parameters of condensed matter systems may be fixed, thereby limiting the phase space in which to vary the material properties, the ability to tune and manipulate atoms or molecules trapped in an optical lattice opens up that phase space. With success demonstrated already in systems with isotropic symmetry, as in the case of the superfluid-to-Mott-insulator transition of bosons on a square lattice, interest is now in describing systems with an anisotropic symmetry in the order parameter. Hemmerich and Morais Smith describe a scenario for imprinting a dx2-y2 wave symmetry onto an array of polarizable bosons confined to a two-dimensional (2D) optical lattice. They show theoretically that exciting the atoms by stimulated Raman scattering can result in the formation of a checkerboard-like pattern of staggered flux states on adjacent plaquettes of the 2D lattice, resulting in a d-wave momentum distribution. The proposed scenario offers the prospect of engineering optical lattices for the modeling of complex interacting phenomena from the likes of high-temperature superconductivity to magnetic frustration. — ISO