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Physics World

Quantum bits take the bus

Published Nov 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The promise of powerful computers that exploit the laws of quantum mechanics in order to process information has moved a step closer. Two independent teams in the US have built a quantum “bus” that allows the states of two superconducting qubits to be stored, transferred and exchanged. The buses could allow a number of such qubits, which can be produced using standard microchip-manufacturing processes, to be linked together to perform the gate operations that would allow a quantum computer to perform calculations.

DOI
10.1088/2058-7058/20/11/5

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The promise of powerful computers that exploit the laws of quantum mechanics in order to process information has moved a step closer. Two independent teams in the US have built a quantum “bus” that allows the states of two superconducting qubits to be stored, transferred and exchanged. The buses could allow a number of such qubits, which can be produced using standard microchip-manufacturing processes, to be linked together to perform the gate operations that would allow a quantum computer to perform calculations.
If quantum computers are ever built, they might need only minutes to perform tasks that would take today's fastest supercomputer millions of years. Quantum bits, or qubits, which store and process information, can assume the values of 1 and 0 simultaneously. That means 100 qubits can calculate in just one step a computation that ordinary bits would need to repeat 2100 times. Confused or intrigued? Check out the University of Oxford's Centre for Quantum Computation Web site (http://www.qubit.org/). Besides serving experts, “we try to maintain information which will interest people who simply wonder what quantum computing is all about,” says one of the Web masters, Benjamin Simon.
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We propose computing bus devices that enable quantum information to be coherently transferred between topological and conventional qubits. We describe a concrete realization of such a topological quantum bus acting between a topological qubit in a Majorana wire network and a conventional semiconductor double quantum dot qubit. Specifically, this device measures the joint (fermion) parity of these two different qubits by using the Aharonov-Casher effect in conjunction with an ancilliary superconducting flux qubit that facilitates the measurement. Such a parity measurement, together with the ability to apply Hadamard gates to the two qubits, allows one to produce states in which the topological and conventional qubits are maximally entangled and to teleport quantum states between the topological and conventional quantum systems.
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To build a quantum computer, one needs quantum bits (qubits) that can be fabricated in large numbers and that can be coupled to each other to create entangled quantum states. Superconducting qubits are attractive candidates. In his Perspective, [Mooij][1] highlights the demonstration of two coupled superconducting qubits by [ McDermott et al .][2] The state of both qubits could be determined after performing quantum operations by means of microwave pulses. Quantum oscillations between the excited states of one or the other qubit were observed with this simultaneous state measurement. The approach can, in principle, be used to build a large quantum computer. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/307/5713/1210 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/307/5713/1299