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Physica Scripta

Comment on ‘Correct interpretation of two experiments on the transverse Doppler shift’

Xuan-Lin Chen, Limin An, Xing-Bin Huang, Chang-Bin Yu, Liang Xu

Published Apr 23, 2014• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/89/6/067004

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We present an experiment investigating the rotational Doppler effect using a single trapped ion excited by two copropagating vortex laser beams. The setup isolates the azimuthal gradients of the fields, eliminating longitudinal and curvature effects. We provide a detailed characterization of the phenomenon by deterministically positioning a single ion across the beams and measuring fluorescence spectra with sharp "dark resonances" whose features depend on the angular velocity of the ion and the difference of optical orbital angular momentum between the two beams. The interpretation of the measurements is supported by numerical simulations and by a simplified analytical model. Our results reveal key properties of the rotational Doppler effect, showing that it increases approaching the center of the beam and that it is independent of the waist of the beam. This offers insights into the feasibility of superkicks or super-Doppler shifts for sensing and manipulating atomic motion transverse to the beams' propagation direction.
In this paper, we re-analyze the ingenious experiment by Kündig (measurement of the transverse Doppler shift by means of the Mössbauer effect) and show that a correct processing of experimental data gives a relative energy shift Δ E / E of the absorption line different from the value of classically assumed relativistic time dilation for a rotating resonant absorber. Namely, instead of the relative energy shift reported by Kündig ( v being the linear velocity of absorber and c being the light velocity in vacuum), we derive from his results . We are inclined to think that the revealed deviation of Δ E / E from relativistic prediction cannot be explained by any instrumental error and thus represents a physical effect. In particular, we assume that the energy shift of the absorption resonant line is induced not only by the standard time dilation effect, but also by some additional effect missed at the moment, and related perhaps to the fact that resonant nuclei in the rotating absorber represent a macroscopic quantum system and cannot be considered as freely moving particles.
We analyze the excitation by an electromagnetic wave of a two-level molecule (or atom) within a rarefied gas. This process differs from the excitation of an isolated molecule because there is significant interaction between the molecule and the surrounding gas particles as they are all polarized by the electromagnetic wave. These interactions lead to corrections to the recoil and Doppler shifts of the molecule's transition frequency. We propose an experiment using saturation spectroscopy to observe sodium molecular transitions near the atomic DDD lines which could easily detect the correction to the first-order Doppler shift caused by the interaction between the sodium molecules and the surrounding atomic vapor.