For a periodically driven open quantum system, the Floquet theorem states that the time evolution operator
Λ(t,0) of the system can be factorized as
Λ(t,0)=D(t)eLefft with micro-motion operator
D(t) possessing the same period as the external driving, and time-independent operator
Leff. In this work, we extend this theorem to open systems that follow a modulated periodic evolution, in which the fast part is periodic while the slow part breaks the periodicity. We derive a factorization for the time evolution operator that separates the long time dynamics and the micro-motion for the open quantum system. High-frequency expansions for the effective evolution operator control the long time dynamics, and the micro-motion operator is also given and discussed. It may find applications in quantum engineering with open systems following modulated periodic evolution.