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Journal of Physical Mathematics

Hilberts idea of a physical axiomatics: the analytical apparatus of quantum mechanics

Yvon Gauthier

Published Jan 1, 2010• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We discuss the Hilbert program for the axiomatization of physics in the context of what Hilbert and von Neumann came to call the analytical apparatus and its conditions of reality.We suggest that the idea of a physical logic is the basis for a physical mathematics and we use quantum mechanics as a paradigm case for axiomatics in the sense of Hilbert.Finite probability theory requires finite derivations in the measurement theory of QM and we give a polynomial formulation of local complementation for the metric induced on the topology of the Hilbert space.The conclusion hints at a constructivist physics.

DOI
10.4172/2090-0902.1000110

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We discuss the Hilbert program for the axiomatization of physics in the context of what Hilbert and von Neumann came to call the analytical apparatus and its conditions of reality.We suggest that the idea of a physical logic is the basis for a physical mathematics and we use quantum mechanics as a paradigm case for axiomatics in the sense of Hilbert.Finite probability theory requires finite derivations in the measurement theory of QM and we give a polynomial formulation of local complementation for the metric induced on the topology of the Hilbert space.The conclusion hints at a constructivist physics.
We discuss the Hilbert program for the axiomatization of physics in the contextof\nwhat Hilbert and von Neumann came to call the analytical apparatus and\nitsconditions of reality. We suggest that the idea of a physical logic is the\nbasisfor a physical mathematics and we use quantum mechanics as a paradigm case\nforaxiomatics in the sense of Hilbert. Finite probability theory requires\nfinitederivations in the measurement theory of QM and we give a polynomial\nformulationof local complementation for the metric induced on the topology of\nthe Hilbertspace. The conclusion hints at a constructivist physics.
Quantum logic as it is presented in Birkhoff-von Neumann’s 1936 paper arose within the framework of the mathematical elaboration of the foundations of quantum mechanics. Birkhoff-von Neumann’s axiomatic was an alternative of the traditional formulation of foundations of quantum mechanics proceeding from the technique of the Hilbert space. It provided more economic formulation of the foundations of the theory. In Mackay’s writings it has been transformed into the axiomatic of quantum theory of probability. However, Mackay came back to the concept of Hilbert space as the fundamental for quantum mechanics. He also adopted the rules of super-selections in his presentation of the foundations of quantum mechanics. The contemporary approach to Birkhoff-von Neumann’s axiomatic is twofold: the criticism of their too rigid construction from the point of view of physics and the development in connection with mathematical intuitionism.
Motivated by Hilbert's sixth problem on axiomatization of physics, the author is proposing a rather provocative abstract axiomatic framework called S - formalization, where S is an arbitrary physical system .The proposal is an attempt to provide a general axiomatic framework , from which mathematical frameworks of new physical theories can be formulated on firm axiomatic basis and the mathematical frameworks of subjects such as standard (nonrelativistic) quantum mechanics are naturally derived as special cases of this general axiomatic framework. Introduction
We describe a scheme of quantum mechanics in which the Hilbert space and linear operators are only secondary structures of the theory. As primary structures we consider observables, elements of noncommutative algebra, and the physical states, the nonlinear functionals on this algebra, which associate with results of single measurement. We show that in such scheme the mathematical apparatus of the standard quantum mechanics does not contradict a hypothesis on existence of an objective local reality, a principle of a causality and Kolmogorovian probability theory.
The report deals with the axiomatic approach to the phenomena of quantum computation and algorithms. It gives an overview of the classical approach (due to von Neumann) using the structures of Hilbert spaces, as well as mentions some major results in the field and discusses the flaws of the model and its current dominance. This leads to the introduction of a new axiomatization, first proposed by S. Abramsky and B. Coecke in 2007, which relies on the modern concepts of category theory. It is a field of mathematics originally created in the 1940s by specialists in algebraic topology but currently gaining popularity in other branches because of its abstract nature and emphasis on operations rather than objects. Most importantly, category theory is a powerful tool in functional analysis allowing mathematicians to reformulate the statements of Hilbert space theory in a more intuitive way, without matrix calculus. Finally, the logic behind quantum operations is discussed: it is revealed that the ideas of quantum algorithms have a strong connection to Jean-Yves Girard’s linear logic.