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Princeton University Press eBooks

Chapter Seventeen Spontaneous Localization, Properties, and Perceptions

G. C. Ghirardi

Published Dec 31, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1515/9780691236841-019

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Spontaneous Localization, Properties, and Perceptions

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Abstract Before examining experimental consequences of CSL, this chapter discusses the spontaneous localization (SL) theory of Ghirardi, Rimini and Weber (GRW). As for CSL, the chapter presents the structure of the theory, and then specializes it to a non-relativistic theory. SL does not add a term to Schrodinger’s equation. Instead, the state vector is suddenly altered by a “hit” (GRW’s ‘spontaneous localization’), that is, multiplication by an operator, followed by renormalization. The hits occur at random times. The chapter shows the specific choice of operator made by GRW for their non-relativistic theory. Emphasized are two aspects of SL that helped the journey to CSL. One is that the collapse is always acting (one need not “turn it on.” The other is the “smeared” character of the GRW operator. The chapter then shows how the density matrix is calculated. Finally, it discusses the numerical values, chosen by GRW, of the two parameters of SL theory, λ and a, that are provisionally adopted for CSL.

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Abstract Some versions of quantum theory treat wave function collapse as a fundamental physical phenomenon to be described by explicit laws. One motivation is to find a consistent unification of quantum theory and gravity, in which collapse prevents superpositions of space-times from developing. Another is to invoke collapse to explain our perception of definite measurement outcomes. Combining these motivations while avoiding two different collapse postulates seems to require that perceptibly different physical states necessarily create significantly different mass distributions in our organs of perception or brains. This chapter notes problems with earlier analyses which cast some doubt on the claim that there are collapse model parameters consistent with known experiment that imply collapse times within the human eye fast enough to be consistent with our perceptions.
Abstract Before examining experimental consequences of CSL, this chapter discusses the spontaneous localization (SL) theory of Ghirardi, Rimini and Weber (GRW). As for CSL, the chapter presents the structure of the theory, and then specializes it to a non-relativistic theory. SL does not add a term to Schrodinger’s equation. Instead, the state vector is suddenly altered by a “hit” (GRW’s ‘spontaneous localization’), that is, multiplication by an operator, followed by renormalization. The hits occur at random times. The chapter shows the specific choice of operator made by GRW for their non-relativistic theory. Emphasized are two aspects of SL that helped the journey to CSL. One is that the collapse is always acting (one need not “turn it on.” The other is the “smeared” character of the GRW operator. The chapter then shows how the density matrix is calculated. Finally, it discusses the numerical values, chosen by GRW, of the two parameters of SL theory, λ and a, that are provisionally adopted for CSL.