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Journal of Modern Optics

Realization of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox in the far-field of the optical parametric oscillator above threshold

F. CASTELLI and L. A. LUGIATO

Published Apr 1, 1997• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1080/095003497153770

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We consider an optical parametric oscillator above threshold; under appropriate conditions and in the far-field, the emitted signal is composed by two spatially separate beams, highly correlated on the quantum level. We show that this system can realize the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox for continuous and macroscopic observables. The pair of non-commuting obserables considered are the intensity and the phase of the two separate beams; the spectral variances of the fluctuation in the intensity difference and in the phase sum of the two beams are calculated. The conditions for which the product of the spectral variances is below the limit settled by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle are studied.
Over the past three decades, numerous demonstrations of the violation of Bell’s inequalities have been reported in optical experiments based upon observations of polarization correlations for photon pairs. Without exception, these measurements as well as those in other systems have involved discrete variables for which the Bell inequalities are applicable. By contrast, an experiment to demonstrate the original proposal by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR)1 for a system of observables with a continuous spectrum has not previously been realized. From many possible theoretical avenues, we have followed the suggestion of Reid and Drummond2 to achieve a demonstration of the EPR paradox for continuous variables by employing a subthreshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) operated in a frequency-degenerate but polarization-nondegenerate mode.