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International Journal of Theoretical Physics

Statistical Structures Underlying Quantum Mechanics and Social Science

Karl Svozil, Ron Wright

Published Jul 1, 2005• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10773-005-7082-7

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Majorana's article on "The value of statistical laws in physics and social sciences"

Rosario N. Mantegna

This article was found by Majorana’s brother among Ettore Majorana’s files and was published in 1942 after Majorana’s disappearance in the international Italian journal Scientia. It is a rather special article in several respects. It was intended to present the point of view of a physicist about the value of statistical laws in physics and social sciences to scholars of a broad spectrum of different disciplines such as sociology and economics. It also considers philosophical aspects related to the nature and value of deterministic and statistical laws in science. In his article, Majorana considers quantum mechanics as an irreducible statistical theory because the theory is not able to describe the time evolution of a single particle or atom in a controlled environment at a deterministic level. He concludes that quantum mechanics suggests that there is an “essential analogy between physics and the social sciences, between which an identity of value and method has turned out”. By analyzing the messages of this paper we conclude that Majorana deserves a great tribute not only for his exceptional achievements in theoretical physics but also for his fresh and original views on the importance and role of statistical laws in physics and in other disciplines such as the social sciences.

•Jan 1, 2006•3 citations
There is an underlying assumption in the social sciences that consciousness and social life are ultimately classical physical/material phenomena. In this ground-breaking book, Alexander Wendt challenges this assumption by proposing that consciousness is, in fact, a macroscopic quantum mechanical phenomenon. In the first half of the book, Wendt justifies the insertion of quantum theory into social scientific debates, introduces social scientists to quantum theory and the philosophical controversy about its interpretation, and then defends the quantum consciousness hypothesis against the orthodox, classical approach to the mind-body problem. In the second half, he develops the implications of this metaphysical perspective for the nature of language and the agent-structure problem in social ontology. Wendt's argument is a revolutionary development which raises fundamental questions about the nature of social life and the work of those who study it.
This article was found by Majorana’s brother among Ettore Majorana’s files and was published in 1942 after Majorana’s disappearance in the international Italian journal Scientia. It is a rather special article in several respects. It was intended to present the point of view of a physicist about the value of statistical laws in physics and social sciences to scholars of a broad spectrum of different disciplines such as sociology and economics. It also considers philosophical aspects related to the nature and value of deterministic and statistical laws in science. In his article, Majorana considers quantum mechanics as an irreducible statistical theory because the theory is not able to describe the time evolution of a single particle or atom in a controlled environment at a deterministic level. He concludes that quantum mechanics suggests that there is an “essential analogy between physics and the social sciences, between which an identity of value and method has turned out”. By analyzing the messages of this paper we conclude that Majorana deserves a great tribute not only for his exceptional achievements in theoretical physics but also for his fresh and original views on the importance and role of statistical laws in physics and in other disciplines such as the social sciences.