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Optical purification of materials via electromagnetically induced walking

Wenxi Lai

Published May 25, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Natural materials are always mixed with foreign matters which affect their physical or chemical properties. Here, we give an optical method for the precise purification of gaseous state materials. Principle of this method is originated from spin-orbit coupling in electromagnetically induced walking where fingerprints of atoms such as masses and optical transition wavelengths determine walking speed of the atoms. This method could be used for some hardly separable atoms and isotopes depending on the condition of atom coherent time. The present work opens a platform for applications of cold atom technology in the purification of atoms and molecules.PACS numbers: 37.10.Vz, 32.90.+a, 3.75.-b, 42.50.Ct

DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-1647993/v1

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Abstract Natural materials are always mixed with foreign matters which affect their physical or chemical properties. Here, we give an optical method for the precise purification of gaseous state materials. Principle of this method is originated from spin-orbit coupling in electromagnetically induced walking where fingerprints of atoms such as masses and optical transition wavelengths determine walking speed of the atoms. This method could be used for some hardly separable atoms and isotopes depending on the condition of atom coherent time. The present work opens a platform for applications of cold atom technology in the purification of atoms and molecules.PACS numbers: 37.10.Vz, 32.90.+a, 3.75.-b, 42.50.Ct
An optical method for precise purification of chemical elements is introduced in this paper. The materials are supposed to be in the states of gaseous beams, which are coherently coupled to an external traveling light during purification. Before decoherence occurs, atoms periodically move in the light with different speeds that depends on masses and optical transition wave lengths of these atoms. The speed gradient leads to deflections of different atoms in different directions. The model is described by Schrödinger equations with analytical results. This method could be used for some hardly separable atoms and isotopes depending on the condition of atom coherent time. The present work opens a platform for applications of cold atom technology in the purification of atoms and molecules.
Ultra-cold quantum gases subjected to light-induced synthetic gauge potentials have become an emergent field of theoretical and experimental studies. Because of the novel application of two-photon Raman transitions, ultra-cold neutral atoms behave like charged particles in magnetic field. The Raman coupling naturally gives rise to an effective spin-orbit interaction which couples the atom’s center-of-mass motion to its selected pseudo-spin degrees of freedom. Combined with unprecedented controllability of interactions, geometry, disorder strength, spectroscopy, and high resolution measurement of momentum distribution, etc., we are truly in an exciting era of ful- filling and going beyond Richard Feynman’s vision of realizing quantum simulators to better understand the quantum mechanical nature of the universe, manifested immensely in the ultra-cold regimes. In this dissertation, we present a collection of theoretical progresses made by the doctoral candidate and his colleagues and collaborators. From the past few years of work, we mainly address three aspects of the synthetic spin-orbit and light field induced coupling in ultracold quantum gases: a) The ground-state physics of single- particle system, two-body bound states, and many-body systems, all of which are subjected to spin-orbit coupling originated from synthetic gauge potentials; b) The symmetry breaking, topological phase transition and quench dynamics, which are conveniently offered by the realized experimental setup; c) The proposal and impli- cations of light field induced dynamical spin-orbit coupling for atoms inside optical cavity. Our work represents an important advancement of theoretical understanding to the active research frontier of ultra-cold atom physics with spin-orbit coupling.
Abstract Atom and, of late, molecule interferometers find application in both the crucible of fundamental research and industrial pursuits. A prevalent methodology in the construction of atom interferometers involves the utilisation of gratings fashioned from laser beams. While this approach imparts commendable precision, it is hampered by its incapacity to attain exceedingly short wavelengths and its dependence on intricate laser systems for operational efficacy. All applications require the control of matter waves, particularly the particle’s velocity. In this manuscript, we propose a continuous beam monochromator scheme reaching enormously high velocity purification with speed ratios in the order of 10310^3103 10 3 based on atom-surface diffraction. Beyond these high purifications, the proposed scheme simplifies the application by reducing the degree of freedom to a single angle, selecting the wanted particle’s velocity. Graphic abstract
In cold atom, the coupling between "spin" (atomic internal hyperfine states) and "orbit" (atomic center-of-mass motion) can be induced by Raman transition, where different hyperfine states are coupled by a pair of Raman lasers. In recent years, this synthetic spin-orbit coupling has received tremendous attention, as it leads to a variety of novel quantum phenomena in precisely controllable cold atom systems. In this thesis, we first present a comprehensive analysis of one-, two- and many- particle physics of harmonically trapped atoms with spin-orbit coupling, followed by the study of "novel spin-orbit coupling" in two different systems: (1) cold atom spinor mixtures and (2) cold atoms in an optical cavity. In the first system, we consider a spinor mixture consisting of two species of cold atoms, where the spin-orbit coupling can be transmitted from one species to the other, and we discuss novel topological properties and the supersolid stripe phase in this mixture. In the second system, we consider the coupling among three parts: the cavity photon field, the atomic internal hyperfine states, and the atomic external center-of-mass motion, and we discuss how this coupling affects familiar quantum optical phenomena, such as Rabi oscillation and Dicke superradiance phase transition. Our novel systems contribute new and practical platforms for the research field of synthetic spin-orbit coupling in cold atoms.