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arXiv:2204.02867

Optical purification of materials based on atom walking in traveling-wave lights

Wenxi Lai

Published Apr 6, 2022• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

An optical method for precise purification of chemical elements is introduced in this paper. The materials are supposed to be in the states of gaseous beams, which are coherently coupled to an external traveling light during purification. Before decoherence occurs, atoms periodically move in the light with different speeds that depends on masses and optical transition wave lengths of these atoms. The speed gradient leads to deflections of different atoms in different directions. The model is described by Schrödinger equations with analytical results. This method could be used for some hardly separable atoms and isotopes depending on the condition of atom coherent time. The present work opens a platform for applications of cold atom technology in the purification of atoms and molecules.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2204.02867

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An optical method for precise purification of chemical elements is introduced in this paper. The materials are supposed to be in the states of gaseous beams, which are coherently coupled to an external traveling light during purification. Before decoherence occurs, atoms periodically move in the light with different speeds that depends on masses and optical transition wave lengths of these atoms. The speed gradient leads to deflections of different atoms in different directions. The model is described by Schrödinger equations with analytical results. This method could be used for some hardly separable atoms and isotopes depending on the condition of atom coherent time. The present work opens a platform for applications of cold atom technology in the purification of atoms and molecules.
Abstract Natural materials are always mixed with foreign matters which affect their physical or chemical properties. Here, we give an optical method for the precise purification of gaseous state materials. Principle of this method is originated from spin-orbit coupling in electromagnetically induced walking where fingerprints of atoms such as masses and optical transition wavelengths determine walking speed of the atoms. This method could be used for some hardly separable atoms and isotopes depending on the condition of atom coherent time. The present work opens a platform for applications of cold atom technology in the purification of atoms and molecules.PACS numbers: 37.10.Vz, 32.90.+a, 3.75.-b, 42.50.Ct
Abstract In this paper, we investigate mechanical motion of ultra-slow single atoms considering each atom is coherently coupled to a traveling-wave light. The main noise in this system is originated from Doppler broadening due to the continuous momentum distribution in atom wave packet. Here, it is proved that the Doppler broadening could be effectively suppressed in strong coupling regime. Under the coherent coupling, individual neutral atoms periodically walk in a definite direction. Direction of the motion depends on occupation of the atom in its two internal states related to the optical transition, since the atom would be affected by attractive or repulsive forces depending on the internal states. It is analogous to the electric force acting on negatively or positively charged particles. We explain them with spin–orbit coupling of atoms which is hidden in our Hamiltonian. These results have potential applications for the construction of future atomic devices.
We investigate the diffraction of a three-level atom from a "walking" light wave composed of counterpropagating traveling waves of different frequencies. The coupling of the two nondegenerate internal ground states by means of an off-resonant Raman transition resonantly couples the initial external momentum state to only one other momentum state. This happens even in the Raman-Nath regime, where the interaction time is short enough that momentum transfer is not constrained by phase-matching conditions. The final momentum state depends on the initial internal state of the atom and the relative directions of the two traveling waves. By using multiple diffraction regions, this process can be used to coherently split a beam of atoms into two beams that are widely separated in momentum space. This type of beam splitter would be useful in the building an atom interferometer.
Optical lattices are formed when cold atoms get trapped in the periodic array of optical potential wells created by a number of traveling light waves. Exact periodicity is guaranteed when the number of traveling waves exceeds the number of dimensions by no more than one. We present a few simple exactly solvable models for the transport of atoms over a lattice in the tight-binding limit. One model concerns the spreading of an atom by tunneling through the barriers and by momentum recoil induced by optical pumping. Another model gives results for the amplitude of Bloch oscillations, which occur when a uniform is added to the periodic potential. Finally the dissipative spreading of the quasimomentum due to optical pumping is modeled.
The long range goal of this project was the creation of nanostructures using light fields to manipulate atoms. By passing an atomic beam through one or more standing wave light fields, it is possible to create modulations in the atomic density having periods which are a fraction of the period of the standing wave light fields. Patterns having periods as small as lambda/10 were observed using optical masks and clear evidence for matter-wave effects were established. Several theoretical methods for achieving sub-lambda matter wave patterns were developed, Moreover it was shown that it is possible to create optical lattices having reduced periodicity using Raman transitions in a novel atom-field geometry Experiments were carried out in both magneto-optical traps and atomic beams. In both experimental set-ups, pulsed standing wave optical fields were used to excite the atoms. At some later time the atoms were probed by a traveling wave field, revealing the spatial patterns that had evolved as a result of the atom-field interaction.