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Physics Letters A

Determination of weakly squeezed vacuum states through photon statistics measurement

Guan-Hua Zuo, Yuchi Zhang, Jing Li, Shi‐Yao Zhu, Yanqiang Guo, Tiancai Zhang

Published Apr 12, 2022• 11 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2022.128133

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Weak squeezed vacuum light, especially resonant to the atomic transition, plays an important role in quantum storage and generation of various quantum sources. However, the general homodyne detection (HD) cannot determine weak squeezing due to the low signal to noise ratio and the limited resolution of the HD system. Here we provide an alternative method based on photon statistics measurement to determine the weak squeezing of the squeezed vacuum light generated from an optical parametric oscillator working far below the threshold. The approach is established the relationship between the squeezing parameter and the second-order degree of coherence. The theoretical analysis agrees well with the experiment results. The advantage of this method is that it provides a feasible and reliable experimental measure to determine the weak squeezing with high precision and the measurement is independent on the detection efficiency. This method can be used to measure other quantum features for various quantum states with extremely weak non-classicality.
Photon statistics of the weak squeezed vacuum field from an optical parametric oscillatior (OPO) is investigated both in theory and by experiment . The strong photon bunching effect of weak squeezed vacuum field, which can be used as an important source in quantum optics and quantum measurement, was demonstrated. We have experimentally produced the weak squeezed vacuum at the center wavelength of D2 line of the cesium atom by the OPO operating far below the threshold . The second-order correlation function was measured based on the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss scheme, and the result is consistent with theoretical analysis.
We investigate the photon statistics of two-mode photon-subtracted squeezed vacuum states (TMPSSV), which are important factors to affect the sensitivity and resolution of optical interferometers. The comparison between the photon statistics of TMPSSV and two-mode squeezed vacuum states (TMSV) shows that the non-Gaussian operation has the effect of narrowing the characteristic widths of photon number probability distributions. Different from the super-Poissonian statistical distribution of TMSV, when the initial squeezing parameter is lower, TMPSSV shows a sub-Poissonian statistical distribution which is desirable for enhancing the sensitivity and resolution of interferometers. Therefore, non-Gaussian entanglement based on TMPSSV provides a promising quantum resource for an ultra-sensitivity and super-resolution optical interferometer far beyond the standard quantum limit.