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Acta Physica Sinica

Photon statistics of squeezed vacuum field from optical parametric oscillator far below the threshold

Zhao Dong-Mei, Zhigang Li, Guo Yan-Qiang, Gang Li, Junmin Wang, Tiancai Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2010• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Photon statistics of the weak squeezed vacuum field from an optical parametric oscillatior (OPO) is investigated both in theory and by experiment . The strong photon bunching effect of weak squeezed vacuum field, which can be used as an important source in quantum optics and quantum measurement, was demonstrated. We have experimentally produced the weak squeezed vacuum at the center wavelength of D2 line of the cesium atom by the OPO operating far below the threshold . The second-order correlation function was measured based on the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss scheme, and the result is consistent with theoretical analysis.

DOI
10.7498/aps.59.6231

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Photon statistics of the weak squeezed vacuum field from an optical parametric oscillatior (OPO) is investigated both in theory and by experiment . The strong photon bunching effect of weak squeezed vacuum field, which can be used as an important source in quantum optics and quantum measurement, was demonstrated. We have experimentally produced the weak squeezed vacuum at the center wavelength of D2 line of the cesium atom by the OPO operating far below the threshold . The second-order correlation function was measured based on the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss scheme, and the result is consistent with theoretical analysis.
Weak squeezed vacuum light, especially resonant to the atomic transition, plays an important role in quantum storage and generation of various quantum sources. However, the general homodyne detection (HD) cannot determine weak squeezing due to the low signal to noise ratio and the limited resolution of the HD system. Here we provide an alternative method based on photon statistics measurement to determine the weak squeezing of the squeezed vacuum light generated from an optical parametric oscillator working far below the threshold. The approach is established the relationship between the squeezing parameter and the second-order degree of coherence. The theoretical analysis agrees well with the experiment results. The advantage of this method is that it provides a feasible and reliable experimental measure to determine the weak squeezing with high precision and the measurement is independent on the detection efficiency. This method can be used to measure other quantum features for various quantum states with extremely weak non-classicality.
We report the experimental generation of a squeezed vacuum at frequencies ranging from 2.5 kHz to 200 kHz that is resonant on the cesium D2 line by using a below-threshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The OPO is based on a periodically-poled KTiOPO 4 (PPKTP) crystal that is pumped using a bow-tie four-mirror ring frequency doubler. The phase of the squeezed light is controlled using a quantum noise locking technique. At a pump power of 115 mW, maximum quadrature phase squeezing of 3.5 dB and anti-squeezing of 7.5 dB are detected using a home-made balanced homodyne detector. This squeezed vacuum at an atomic transition in the kilohertz range is an ideal quantum source for quantum metrology of enhancing measurement precision, especially for ultra-sensitive measurement of weak magnetic fields when using a Cs atomic magnetometer in the audio frequency range.
Abstract In this paper, we investigate the photon correlations and the statistical properties of light produced by an optical cavity with an embedded quantum well interacting with squeezed light. We show that the squeezed source substantially improves the intensity of the emitted light and generates a narrowing and a duplication of the spectrum peaks. With a strong dependence on frequency detuning, the cavity produces considerably squeezed radiation, and perfect squeezing is predicted for weak light–matter interactions. Furthermore, the system under consideration presents a bunching effect of the transmitted radiation resulting from weak pumping of the coherent field. The results obtained may have potential applications in the fields of very accurate measurement and quantum computing.
The quantum statistics of a laser result in noise when measurements of the beam are made. This noise sets a classical limit beyond which a laser cannot be used with increasing sensitivity. This quantum noise limit is imposed on many of the uses of lasers currently, especially in power limited devices such as optical communications. The statistics of the laser photon field can be modified to produce a non-classical state resulting in lower noise than the quantum noise limit when detected appropriately. This state, called a squeezed state, has been measured previously from a cavity enhanced optical parametric oscillator (OPO) only at frequency sidebands within the linewidth of the cavity. ¶ This thesis reports measurements of squeezing at microwave frequency sidebands on an optical beam produced by an optical parametric oscillator. This is the first reported measurement of squeezing at frequency sidebands at higher longitudinal modes of the cavity from an OPO. Noise reduction below the quantum noise limit is measured at sideband frequencies of 5 MHz, 1.7 GHz, 3.4 GHz and 5.1 GHz, corresponding to the zeroth, first, second and third longitudinal modes from the squeezed beam. These results are the highest frequency sideband measurements of squeezing to date. In addition to measuring squeezing at different longitudinal modes for the fundamental Gaussian spatial mode, non-classical noise reduction is measured at the same frequencies for a squeezed higher order spatial mode, TEM10. ¶ A single mode theoretical model of the OPO is presented, based on the work of ref. [1]. Computer simulations of the squeezing predicted by this model are developed and compared to the experimental results, showing excellent agreement between the different longitudinal modes for each of the two spatial modes measured.
The statistic of parametric photon emission in a one-dimensional semiconductor microcavity optical parametric oscillator is reported. We perform photon-counting experiments on signal and idler beams by means of a Hanbury Brown and Twiss setup for studying the second-order coherence. Under pulsed laser excitation at normal incidence, energy-degenerate signal and idler beams are emitted in a mirror-symmetric configuration and share the same excitonic/photonic composition. Moreover the two emissions share the same intensity and the same coherence properties. We show that the bunching visibility [i.e., the value of ${g}^{(2)}(\ensuremath{\tau}=0)$] changes across the parametric threshold and it is associated both to different spectral composition of the emission and to the buildup of coherence at high injection. Nevertheless, different from conventional optical parametric oscillators, a full coherence is never recovered.
We report the first experimental demonstration of squeezed lasing in a reservoir-engineered optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The OPO provides a basis of squeezed states and parametric amplification in lasing emission, whose vacuum reservoir is coupled to a squeezed vacuum generated by a second OPO. With a precisely controlled squeezing angle and strong squeezing injection, the parametric interaction in the first OPO is exponentially enhanced. It successfully circumvents the decoherence in the system, and eliminates the undesired noise of spontaneous photon emission in the OPO. As a result, the amplified parametric process simultaneously reserves the coherence and quantum properties in the first OPO, and yields a -6.1 dB squeezed laser in optical domain with a narrow linewidth and high brightness. Our work sheds light on potential applications of squeezed lasing in quantum metrology and quantum optics.