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Scientific Reports

Which-way identification by an asymmetrical double-slit experiment with monochromatic photons

Thuan Vo Van, Vinh Vu Duc

Published Mar 8, 2022• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recently, a laser beam asymmetrical double-slit experiment was proposed and performed, concerning ontological physical reality in quantum mechanics, under an assumption of single-photon interference. In the present study, by controlling better for saturation effects and upgrading the slit's shape, we succeed in producing new interference samples with acceptable quality. Applying almost the same geometrical set-up, the present experiment makes the "which-way" identification with higher experimental confidence. In the results, the ontological which-way effect observed in our recent experiment is well reconfirmed without any additional measurement of relative integral intensity.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-022-07662-x

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Physica Scripta•May 1, 2025•2 citations
Recently, a laser beam asymmetrical double-slit experiment was proposed and performed, concerning ontological physical reality in quantum mechanics, under an assumption of single-photon interference. In the present study, by controlling better for saturation effects and upgrading the slit's shape, we succeed in producing new interference samples with acceptable quality. Applying almost the same geometrical set-up, the present experiment makes the "which-way" identification with higher experimental confidence. In the results, the ontological which-way effect observed in our recent experiment is well reconfirmed without any additional measurement of relative integral intensity.
Abstract The recent state-of-the-art double-slit experiments with single electrons and single photons seem to emphasize a contradictable dilemma concerning the ontological physical reality in quantum physics. Because of the importance of this problem, we propose and perform another modified laser-beam asymmetrical double-slit experiment with a constraint of single-photon interference. In the results, a Feynman condition with a mobile closing mask allows assessing the complementary contributions of photons passing through one or another slit. Under the assumption of applicable self-interference, a ‘which-way’ phenomenon is observed quantitatively in the vicinity of the main minima with low-intense interference fringes, demonstrating a possible solution to this problem. The result would encourage similar asymmetrical double-slit experiments with truly single photons or single electrons for consistent and direct observation of the wave-particle duality.
A modified double slit experiment of light was implemented. In the experiment, a spatial shape filter is used to manipulate the shape of cross section of laser beam. When this modified laser beam was shined on the double slit, the intensity distribution of laser beam on double slit is asymmetrical. In this way, the laser light was directed to pass through only one or two slits of double slit in different sections. So the which‐way information is predetermined before the photons pass through the slits. At the same time, the visible interference pattern can be observed on a monitor screen after the double slit. A couple of new phenomena had been observed from this experiment. The results of this experiment raise questions about Wave‐Particle Duality model of quantum theory, which is the foundation for the Copenhagen explanation that is generally regarded as the principal interpretation of quantum theory. As the observed properties from this experiment cannot be fully explained using the quantum theory, especially the Copenhagen explanation, a new model of photon is proposed. The new model for photon should be also applicable to all other micro entities, according to L. de Broglie assumption.
A modified double slit experiment of light was implemented. In the experiment, a spatial shape filter is used to manipulate the shape of cross section of laser beam. When this modified laser beam was shined on the double slit, the intensity distribution of laser beam on double slit is asymmetrical. In this way, the laser light was directed to pass through only one or two slits of double slit in different sections. So the which-way information is predetermined before the photons pass through the slits. At the same time, the visible interference pattern can be observed on a monitor screen after the double slit. A couple of new phenomena had been observed from this experiment. The results of this experiment raise questions about Wave-Particle Duality model of quantum theory, which is the foundation for the Copenhagen explanation that is generally regarded as the principal interpretation of quantum theory. As the observed properties from this experiment cannot be fully explained using the quantum theory, especially the Copenhagen explanation, a new model of photon is proposed. The new model for photon should be also applicable to all other micro entity like electron, atoms, molecules etc., according to L. de Broglie assumption.
Abstract The paper presents the results of a quantum interference study using an asymmetrical double-slit experiment with a low-intensity laser beam, conducted in the single-photon approximation and the Fresnel near-field transition pre-Fraunhofer condition. In addition to the temporal separation achieved by recording each particle individually, the hybrid-asymmetrical double-slit design (in both width and height) also allows spatial separation of the first satellite diffraction bands created by each slit, thereby minimising the mixing background effects from the opposite slit. Isolating the satellite bands of a diffraction pattern from one of the two slits enables which-way identification of the quantum particle, contributing maximally to the path-distinguishability parameter D=1. Within these satellite bands, we observed interference fringes with reliability at their diffraction peaks for the wide slit and the narrow slit. After subtracting multiphoton-mixing interference noises V(mix), we obtain significant single-photon wave visibility values = 0.051±.009(stat.+sys.) and = 0.065±.009(stat.+sys.), respectively, at the wide-slit I1 and narrow-slit I2 diffraction bands. The results suggest the possibility of establishing an unusual correlation, D + V > 1, in which a significant number of photons exhibit both wave and particle properties simultaneously within the same experimental spectrum. This differs from the Copenhagen interpretation and therefore requires further explanation. PACS numbers: 03.65.-w, 03.65.Ta, 42.50.Xa
abstract We report the findings of asymmetrical double-slit experiments conducted under Fraunhofer far-field conditions, within the single-photon approximation framework. A notable outcome of these experiments is the consistent observation of interference effects at the first main diffraction minima that surpass the limit set by the complementarity principle D + V = 1. Specifically, we identify anomalous correlations between the D-particle distinguishability and the V-wave visibility, where D + V > 1., suggesting that, within the same experimental context, a significant number of photons exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior simultaneously. In the absence of a more comprehensive theoretical account, this anomalous interference may serve as empirical support for the objective physical reality of quantum matter, which stands in contrast to the foundational tenets of the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics.
Abstract We perform spectral analysis based on suitable theoretical correlations between V-wave visibility and D-particle distinguishability to verify wave-particle duality in asymmetrical double-slit experiments. The typical interference spectra obtained in a recent experiment ensure the single-photon approximation in the Fraunhofer far-field condition. The results show that our theoretical model, following the complementarity principle, is inconsistent with the experimental data at the first main minima of the diffraction distribution, where unexpected interference was observed.