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A Hybrid-Asymmetrical Double-Slit Interference Experiment in the Near-Field Transition Pre-Fraunhofer Condition

Thuan Vo Van, Vinh Vu Duc, Hưng Nguyễn Thành, Thieu Dang Quang, Thuat Nguyen-Tran, Hieu Hoang Chi, Dzung Nguyen Manh, Hung Nguyen Quoc, Hong Pham Thi

Published Oct 6, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The paper presents the results of a quantum interference study using an asymmetrical double-slit experiment with a low-intensity laser beam, conducted in the single-photon approximation and the Fresnel near-field transition pre-Fraunhofer condition. In addition to the temporal separation achieved by recording each particle individually, the hybrid-asymmetrical double-slit design (in both width and height) also allows spatial separation of the first satellite diffraction bands created by each slit, thereby minimising the mixing background effects from the opposite slit. Isolating the satellite bands of a diffraction pattern from one of the two slits enables which-way identification of the quantum particle, contributing maximally to the path-distinguishability parameter D=1. Within these satellite bands, we observed interference fringes with reliability at their diffraction peaks for the wide slit and the narrow slit. After subtracting multiphoton-mixing interference noises V(mix), we obtain significant single-photon wave visibility values = 0.051±.009(stat.+sys.) and = 0.065±.009(stat.+sys.), respectively, at the wide-slit I1 and narrow-slit I2 diffraction bands. The results suggest the possibility of establishing an unusual correlation, D + V > 1, in which a significant number of photons exhibit both wave and particle properties simultaneously within the same experimental spectrum. This differs from the Copenhagen interpretation and therefore requires further explanation. PACS numbers: 03.65.-w, 03.65.Ta, 42.50.Xa

DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-11267642/v1

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The particle- interference-experiments, with the photons and electrons have clearly shown that they are always detected as localized „particles‟; and the density of their detections exhibit a pattern similar to the interference of waves. This experimental-observation is now explained here, making the current, „probabilistic interpretation‟, a past history. The „particle ‟ is first mathematically characterized as an „impulse function ‟ in space; and then Fourier-transformed into the wave-number-domain, as a wide band of constituent-waves as shown in the fig. 1&2. The „particle ‟ is explained as an „event ‟ of constructive-superimposition of a wide band of „pre-quantum-waves‟. This „event ‟ occurs in space at regular distances; and at regular instances in time. We know that even the purest monochromatic laser source has a „line-width ‟ of a few Giga-Hertz, or at least a few kilo-Hertz. So in the particle-interference-experiments, they are these wide bands of waves which pass through both the slits, even in the case of single photon states, and interfere physically. This physical interference of the wide bands of pre-quantum-waves determines the position and time of emergence of the „particle‟. Thus, form the theoretical view-point, there are only the waves, and waves alone; and the „particle ‟ is a specific situation of constructive-superimposition of all the spectral-components of pre-quantum-waves; so there is no wave-particle-duality.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of a quantum interference study using an asymmetrical double-slit experiment with a low-intensity laser beam, conducted in the single-photon approximation and the Fresnel near-field transition pre-Fraunhofer condition. In addition to the temporal separation achieved by recording each particle individually, the hybrid-asymmetrical double-slit design (in both width and height) also allows spatial separation of the first satellite diffraction bands created by each slit, thereby minimising the mixing background effects from the opposite slit. Isolating the satellite bands of a diffraction pattern from one of the two slits enables which-way identification of the quantum particle, contributing maximally to the path-distinguishability parameter D=1. Within these satellite bands, we observed interference fringes with reliability at their diffraction peaks for the wide slit and the narrow slit. After subtracting multiphoton-mixing interference noises V(mix), we obtain significant single-photon wave visibility values = 0.051±.009(stat.+sys.) and = 0.065±.009(stat.+sys.), respectively, at the wide-slit I1 and narrow-slit I2 diffraction bands. The results suggest the possibility of establishing an unusual correlation, D + V > 1, in which a significant number of photons exhibit both wave and particle properties simultaneously within the same experimental spectrum. This differs from the Copenhagen interpretation and therefore requires further explanation. PACS numbers: 03.65.-w, 03.65.Ta, 42.50.Xa
abstract We report the findings of asymmetrical double-slit experiments conducted under Fraunhofer far-field conditions, within the single-photon approximation framework. A notable outcome of these experiments is the consistent observation of interference effects at the first main diffraction minima that surpass the limit set by the complementarity principle D + V = 1. Specifically, we identify anomalous correlations between the D-particle distinguishability and the V-wave visibility, where D + V > 1., suggesting that, within the same experimental context, a significant number of photons exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior simultaneously. In the absence of a more comprehensive theoretical account, this anomalous interference may serve as empirical support for the objective physical reality of quantum matter, which stands in contrast to the foundational tenets of the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics.
Abstract We perform spectral analysis based on suitable theoretical correlations between V-wave visibility and D-particle distinguishability to verify wave-particle duality in the asymmetrical double-slit experiments. The typical interference spectra obtained in a recent experiment ensure the single-photon approximation in the Fraunhofer far-field condition. The results show that our theoretical model following the complementarity principle is not be consistent with the experimental data at the first main minima of the diffraction distribution where unexpected interference was observed
Abstract We perform spectral analysis based on suitable theoretical correlations between V-wave visibility and D-particle distinguishability to verify wave-particle duality in asymmetrical double-slit experiments. The typical interference spectra obtained in a recent experiment ensure the single-photon approximation in the Fraunhofer far-field condition. The results show that our theoretical model, following the complementarity principle, is inconsistent with the experimental data at the first main minima of the diffraction distribution, where unexpected interference was observed.
Abstract We perform spectral analysis based on suitable theoretical correlations between V-wave visibility and D-particle distinguishability to verify wave-particle duality in the asymmetrical double-slit experiments. The typical interference spectra obtained in a recent experiment ensure the single-photon approximation in the Fraunhofer far-field condition. The results show that our theoretical model following the complementarity principle is not be consistent with the experimental data at the first main minima of the diffraction distribution where unexpected interference was observed
Abstract We perform spectral analysis based on a suitable theoretical correlation between V-wave visibility and D-particle distinguishability following the complemen-tarity principle to verify wave-particle duality in the asymmetrical double-slit experiments. The selective interference spectra obtained in the experiments ensure the single-photon approximation in the Fraunhofer far-field condition. The results show that the theoretical interpretation following wave-particle complementarity may not be consistent with the experimental data, especially at the first main minima of the optical diffraction distributions. A dilemma would arise when one tries to revise the theoretical explanations for preserving the complementarity principle.
The particle- interference-experiments, with the photons and electrons have clearly shown that they are always detected as localized „particles‟; and the density of their detections exhibit a pattern similar to the interference of waves. This experimental-observation is now explained here, making the current, „probabilistic interpretation‟, a past history. The „particle ‟ is first mathematically characterized as an „impulse function ‟ in space; and then Fourier-transformed into the wave-number-domain, as a wide band of constituent-waves as shown in the fig. 1&2. The „particle ‟ is explained as an „event ‟ of constructive-superimposition of a wide band of „pre-quantum-waves‟. This „event ‟ occurs in space at regular distances; and at regular instances in time. We know that even the purest monochromatic laser source has a „line-width ‟ of a few Giga-Hertz, or at least a few kilo-Hertz. So in the particle-interference-experiments, they are these wide bands of waves which pass through both the slits, even in the case of single photon states, and interfere physically. This physical interference of the wide bands of pre-quantum-waves determines the position and time of emergence of the „particle‟. Thus, form the theoretical view-point, there are only the waves, and waves alone; and the „particle ‟ is a specific situation of constructive-superimposition of all the spectral-components of pre-quantum-waves; so there is no wave-particle-duality.