Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Scientific and technical journal of information technologies mechanics and optics

An optimal swift key generation and distribution for QKD

M. R. Suma, P. Madhumathy

Published Feb 1, 2022• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Secured transmission between users is essential for communication system models. Recently, cryptographic schemes were introduced for secured transmission and secret transmission between cloud users. In a cloud environment, there are many security issues that occur among the cloud users such as, account hacking, data breaches, broken authentication, compromised credentials, and so on. Quantum mechanics has been implemented in cryptography that made it efficient for strong security concerns over outsourced data in a cloud environment. Therefore, the present research focuses on providing excellent security for cloud users utilizing a swift key generation model for QKD cryptography. The Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an entirely secure scheme known as Cloud QKDP. Initially, a random bit sequence is generated to synchronize the channel. An eavesdropper will not permit to synchronize parameters between them. In this key reconciliation technique, the random bit sequence is concatenated with the photon polarisation state. BB84 protocol is improved by optimizing its bit size using FireFly Optimization (FFO) at the compatibility state, and in the next state, both transmitter and receiver generate a raw key. Once the key is generated, it is then used for the transmission of messages between cloud users. Furthermore, a Python environment is utilized to execute the proposed architecture, and the accuracy rate of the proposed model attained 98 %, and the error rate is 2 %. This proves the performance of the proposed firefly optimization algorithm based swift key generation model for QKD performs better than previous algorithms.

DOI
10.17586/2226-1494-2022-22-1-101-113

Related papers

A Quantum-Cryptography-Enhanced Framework for Secure Cloud Computing Using Quantum Key Distribution (Qkd)

R. Jayachandran, D. Malathi

The widespread cryptographic methods RSA and AES have become more susceptible to quantum-based attacks because researchers developed quantum algorithms such as Shor's and Grover's. QKD chromosomes from quantum mechanics grant authorized parties the ability to exchange cryptographic keys securely alongside built-in eavesdropping detection functionality. In the proposed method a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is used to integrate into cloud environments to secure data against quantum threats which have become crucial security concerns today. A new security framework for combining QKD with standard cloud utilities strengthens both access privacy and verify data integrity and ensure authentication of user information. The system framework consists of key generation from quantum elements followed by distribution through quantum channels to support secure communication protocols for Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) as well as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The key performance evaluation of the QKD system includes measurements of key generation rate together with Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) and eavesdropping detection accuracy rates. The analysis against traditional cryptographic systems proves that QKD stands superior in quantum attack resilience. The proposed system demonstrates its efficiency and robustness through simulation outcomes as well as visual representations. The presented work demonstrates both the revolutionary capability of quantum technology for cloud security along with a deployable system architecture for future systems implementation. The research work advances the creation of cloud infrastructure systems which combine high security resilience to protect against future cyber threats.

International Conference on Computing Technologies & Data Communication (ICCTDC)•Jul 4, 2025•2 citations

Quantum-Enhanced Security Advances for Cloud Computing Environments

Devulapally Swetha, Shaik Khaja Mohiddin

Recent developments in quantum-enhanced security have demonstrated encouraging promise for enhancing cloud computing environments' security. Utilizing quantum physics, in particular Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), provides a new method for generating cryptographic keys and improves cloud data transport security. The present study offers a thorough investigation of the integration of QKD with conventional encryption techniques, including Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), in order to tackle the dynamic cyber security scenario in cloud computing. The approach entails combining AES for encryption and decryption procedures and establishing a QKD layer within the cloud architecture to produce true quantum keys utilizing Quantum in Cloud technology. Data transmission security is greatly improved by the smooth integration of AES with QKD-generated keys, guaranteeing confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. In addition, strong key management practices are put in place to handle cryptographic keys safely at every stage of their lifespan, reducing the possibility of unwanted access or interception. The suggested approach successfully addresses the difficulties presented by cyber threats by offering a robust and flexible means of enhancing security in cloud-based systems. Using both traditional and quantum encryption methods, this strategy provides a strong barrier against cyber-attacks, data leaks, and other security flaws. After 70 simulation rounds, the suggested strategy, which is implemented using the QKD-AES framework in Python software, achieved a data access rate of 820 MB/s. In addition to providing an accurate and quantitative assessment of the performance, this also exhibits a high data access rate attained under simulated conditions. At 15 milliseconds, the key generation time was achieved with efficiency, guaranteeing the quick creation of secure cryptographic keys in cloud environments. Overall, there is a lot of potential in using quantum-enhanced security techniques to protect sensitive data and guarantee the integrity of cloud computing infrastructures.

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications•Jan 1, 2024•8 citations

Implementation of Quantum Key Distribution with Classical Algorithms

P. Modini, I. Kiran Kumar, I. Bharath Srikanth +1 more

Implementing Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) using the BB84 protocol. The system allows two users to securely share a secret key by simulating quantum protocol using classical computer algorithms to manage and process the data. Random bits are generated, encoded into quantum states, and transmitted virtually between sender and receiver. After transmission, both users compare selected bits to detect error. Classical algorithms are then applied for error correction, key verification, and privacy amplification to produce a final shared secret key. By combining the power of quantum simulation with classical computing algorithms, the project achieves a secure, efficient, and practical approach to key distribution. This integration demonstrates how cloud-based quantum tools and classical algorithms can work together to build reliable and secure communication systems.

•May 10, 2026•0 citations

Effective Quantum Key Distribution Using Modified Key Sifting Scheme for Cloud Storage Security

Cloud storage has gained extensive attention due to its low cost, global scalability, and improved agility.Data privacy is an important issue in cloud storage because breaches of personal information or business secrets are occurred by malicious hackers or unauthorized cloud operators.To address this issue, a Modified Key Sifting Scheme (MKSS) is proposed for developing an effective Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) with Two-Way Identity Authentication (TWIA) to provide security in the cloud storage.The Tree Parity Machine (TPM) is used for proposing a MKSS which used to minimize the key distribution time based on the synchronization.This MKSS-QKDTWIA considers four different objects such as data user, data owner, server and data storage in a communication scenario.The performance of the MKSS-QKDTWIA is analyzed by means of key computation time, processing time, encryption & decryption time, and memory utilization.Existing research such as Modified Random Fibonacci Cryptographic (MRFC), Software Stack-QKD (SS-QKD) and Enhanced Cloud Security Model based on QKD Protocol (ECSM-QKDP) are used to evaluate the performance of MKSS-QKDTWIA.The key computation time of MKSS-QKDTWIA for 50 attribute sets in each key is 16.7s which is less when compared to the MRFC, SS-QKD and ECSM-QKDP.

International journal of intelligent engineering and systems•Feb 25, 2023•3 citations

Quantum Key Distribution and Cryptography Mechanisms for Cloud Data Security

M. Thangapandiyan, P. M. Rubesh Anand, K. Sakthidasan Sankaran

Providing security to the Personal Health Record (PHR) stored in cloud is an important and critical task in recent days. Different cloud security mechanisms are developed in the traditional works for this purpose mainly focused on authentication based security. This paper aims to develop a novel key distribution and encryption mechanism namely, Quantum Key Distribution and Non-Abelian Encryption (QKD-NAE) for secure storage and access of PHR. In cloud environment, the hospital admin and user uses a quantum key for data access, where the users may be a doctor, patient, nurse, physicians, and accountants. The hospital admin uses the Diffie Hellman (DH) algorithm for secure secret generation, and every user separates the secret based on their designation. Then, the admin splits the input data into attributes and encrypts it by using NAE. When the user sends the request to the service provider, the access control policy maintained by the Third Party Auditor (TPA) is verified for data access. The valid user receives the data from multiple servers based on the access control policy created by the DH algorithm. The major advantage of this work is that the unauthorized users are not able to know the quantum key and the generated secret which leads to increased data security. The experimental results evaluate the performance of the existing and proposed techniques with respect to different measures.

•Apr 1, 2018•12 citations

Next–Generation Cloud Computing: Leveraging Quantum Optimization for Resource Management

N Gobi, M. Balakrishnan, S. R. Indurekaa +1 more

The integration of quantum cryptography and blockchain offers a transformative approach to enhance data security in cloud environments. Quantum cryptography, leveraging principles of quantum mechanics such as quantum key distribution (QKD), ensures unbreakable encryption by enabling secure key exchange. Simultaneously, blockchain technology introduces decentralization, transparency, and immutability, ensuring data integrity and preventing unauthorized tampering. This research explores the synergy between these technologies to develop a novel framework for cloud security. The proposed model leverages QKD for secure communication channels and blockchain-based distributed ledgers for verifying transactions and access control. Key contributions include a hybrid encryption mechanism using quantum keys, a consensus algorithm optimized for cloud operations, and integration strategies to mitigate quantum attacks. Performance evaluations demonstrate enhanced resilience against data breaches, improved key management, and seamless scalability for modern cloud architectures. This study establishes a secure, future-proof infrastructure that addresses emerging threats in the post-quantum era while ensuring trust, confidentiality, and data integrity in cloud ecosystems.

CompSci & AI Advances•Jun 1, 2024•0 citations
Secured transmission between users is essential for communication system models. Recently, cryptographic schemes were introduced for secured transmission and secret transmission between cloud users. In a cloud environment, there are many security issues that occur among the cloud users such as, account hacking, data breaches, broken authentication, compromised credentials, and so on. Quantum mechanics has been implemented in cryptography that made it efficient for strong security concerns over outsourced data in a cloud environment. Therefore, the present research focuses on providing excellent security for cloud users utilizing a swift key generation model for QKD cryptography. The Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an entirely secure scheme known as Cloud QKDP. Initially, a random bit sequence is generated to synchronize the channel. An eavesdropper will not permit to synchronize parameters between them. In this key reconciliation technique, the random bit sequence is concatenated with the photon polarisation state. BB84 protocol is improved by optimizing its bit size using FireFly Optimization (FFO) at the compatibility state, and in the next state, both transmitter and receiver generate a raw key. Once the key is generated, it is then used for the transmission of messages between cloud users. Furthermore, a Python environment is utilized to execute the proposed architecture, and the accuracy rate of the proposed model attained 98 %, and the error rate is 2 %. This proves the performance of the proposed firefly optimization algorithm based swift key generation model for QKD performs better than previous algorithms.
The widespread cryptographic methods RSA and AES have become more susceptible to quantum-based attacks because researchers developed quantum algorithms such as Shor's and Grover's. QKD chromosomes from quantum mechanics grant authorized parties the ability to exchange cryptographic keys securely alongside built-in eavesdropping detection functionality. In the proposed method a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is used to integrate into cloud environments to secure data against quantum threats which have become crucial security concerns today. A new security framework for combining QKD with standard cloud utilities strengthens both access privacy and verify data integrity and ensure authentication of user information. The system framework consists of key generation from quantum elements followed by distribution through quantum channels to support secure communication protocols for Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) as well as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The key performance evaluation of the QKD system includes measurements of key generation rate together with Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) and eavesdropping detection accuracy rates. The analysis against traditional cryptographic systems proves that QKD stands superior in quantum attack resilience. The proposed system demonstrates its efficiency and robustness through simulation outcomes as well as visual representations. The presented work demonstrates both the revolutionary capability of quantum technology for cloud security along with a deployable system architecture for future systems implementation. The research work advances the creation of cloud infrastructure systems which combine high security resilience to protect against future cyber threats.
Recent developments in quantum-enhanced security have demonstrated encouraging promise for enhancing cloud computing environments' security. Utilizing quantum physics, in particular Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), provides a new method for generating cryptographic keys and improves cloud data transport security. The present study offers a thorough investigation of the integration of QKD with conventional encryption techniques, including Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), in order to tackle the dynamic cyber security scenario in cloud computing. The approach entails combining AES for encryption and decryption procedures and establishing a QKD layer within the cloud architecture to produce true quantum keys utilizing Quantum in Cloud technology. Data transmission security is greatly improved by the smooth integration of AES with QKD-generated keys, guaranteeing confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. In addition, strong key management practices are put in place to handle cryptographic keys safely at every stage of their lifespan, reducing the possibility of unwanted access or interception. The suggested approach successfully addresses the difficulties presented by cyber threats by offering a robust and flexible means of enhancing security in cloud-based systems. Using both traditional and quantum encryption methods, this strategy provides a strong barrier against cyber-attacks, data leaks, and other security flaws. After 70 simulation rounds, the suggested strategy, which is implemented using the QKD-AES framework in Python software, achieved a data access rate of 820 MB/s. In addition to providing an accurate and quantitative assessment of the performance, this also exhibits a high data access rate attained under simulated conditions. At 15 milliseconds, the key generation time was achieved with efficiency, guaranteeing the quick creation of secure cryptographic keys in cloud environments. Overall, there is a lot of potential in using quantum-enhanced security techniques to protect sensitive data and guarantee the integrity of cloud computing infrastructures.
Implementing Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) using the BB84 protocol. The system allows two users to securely share a secret key by simulating quantum protocol using classical computer algorithms to manage and process the data. Random bits are generated, encoded into quantum states, and transmitted virtually between sender and receiver. After transmission, both users compare selected bits to detect error. Classical algorithms are then applied for error correction, key verification, and privacy amplification to produce a final shared secret key. By combining the power of quantum simulation with classical computing algorithms, the project achieves a secure, efficient, and practical approach to key distribution. This integration demonstrates how cloud-based quantum tools and classical algorithms can work together to build reliable and secure communication systems.
Cloud storage has gained extensive attention due to its low cost, global scalability, and improved agility.Data privacy is an important issue in cloud storage because breaches of personal information or business secrets are occurred by malicious hackers or unauthorized cloud operators.To address this issue, a Modified Key Sifting Scheme (MKSS) is proposed for developing an effective Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) with Two-Way Identity Authentication (TWIA) to provide security in the cloud storage.The Tree Parity Machine (TPM) is used for proposing a MKSS which used to minimize the key distribution time based on the synchronization.This MKSS-QKDTWIA considers four different objects such as data user, data owner, server and data storage in a communication scenario.The performance of the MKSS-QKDTWIA is analyzed by means of key computation time, processing time, encryption & decryption time, and memory utilization.Existing research such as Modified Random Fibonacci Cryptographic (MRFC), Software Stack-QKD (SS-QKD) and Enhanced Cloud Security Model based on QKD Protocol (ECSM-QKDP) are used to evaluate the performance of MKSS-QKDTWIA.The key computation time of MKSS-QKDTWIA for 50 attribute sets in each key is 16.7s which is less when compared to the MRFC, SS-QKD and ECSM-QKDP.
Providing security to the Personal Health Record (PHR) stored in cloud is an important and critical task in recent days. Different cloud security mechanisms are developed in the traditional works for this purpose mainly focused on authentication based security. This paper aims to develop a novel key distribution and encryption mechanism namely, Quantum Key Distribution and Non-Abelian Encryption (QKD-NAE) for secure storage and access of PHR. In cloud environment, the hospital admin and user uses a quantum key for data access, where the users may be a doctor, patient, nurse, physicians, and accountants. The hospital admin uses the Diffie Hellman (DH) algorithm for secure secret generation, and every user separates the secret based on their designation. Then, the admin splits the input data into attributes and encrypts it by using NAE. When the user sends the request to the service provider, the access control policy maintained by the Third Party Auditor (TPA) is verified for data access. The valid user receives the data from multiple servers based on the access control policy created by the DH algorithm. The major advantage of this work is that the unauthorized users are not able to know the quantum key and the generated secret which leads to increased data security. The experimental results evaluate the performance of the existing and proposed techniques with respect to different measures.
The integration of quantum cryptography and blockchain offers a transformative approach to enhance data security in cloud environments. Quantum cryptography, leveraging principles of quantum mechanics such as quantum key distribution (QKD), ensures unbreakable encryption by enabling secure key exchange. Simultaneously, blockchain technology introduces decentralization, transparency, and immutability, ensuring data integrity and preventing unauthorized tampering. This research explores the synergy between these technologies to develop a novel framework for cloud security. The proposed model leverages QKD for secure communication channels and blockchain-based distributed ledgers for verifying transactions and access control. Key contributions include a hybrid encryption mechanism using quantum keys, a consensus algorithm optimized for cloud operations, and integration strategies to mitigate quantum attacks. Performance evaluations demonstrate enhanced resilience against data breaches, improved key management, and seamless scalability for modern cloud architectures. This study establishes a secure, future-proof infrastructure that addresses emerging threats in the post-quantum era while ensuring trust, confidentiality, and data integrity in cloud ecosystems.