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IEEE photonics journal

Entanglement-Based Single-Photon Amplification With High Fidelity of Polarization Feature

Ruitong Zhao, Jianjun Guo, Lianglun Cheng

Published Jan 21, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The amplification protocol of single-photon is an effective method to overcome the photon loss in the practical quantum communication. Here, we propose an entanglement-based single-photon amplification to nearly eliminate the vacuum state resulting from the photon loss. By the quantum nondemolition detection with cross-Kerr nonlinearity, our proposal has more higher fidelity of the polarization feature. And the total success probability of the amplification can be improved with bigger nonlinearity. This absolute amplification of single-photon is of great value to lengthen the quantum communication distance.

DOI
10.1109/jphot.2022.3144270

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The amplification protocol of single-photon is an effective method to overcome the photon loss in the practical quantum communication. Here, we propose an entanglement-based single-photon amplification to nearly eliminate the vacuum state resulting from the photon loss. By the quantum nondemolition detection with cross-Kerr nonlinearity, our proposal has more higher fidelity of the polarization feature. And the total success probability of the amplification can be improved with bigger nonlinearity. This absolute amplification of single-photon is of great value to lengthen the quantum communication distance.
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Abstract Single-photon amplification can be used to overcome the photon loss in long-distance quantum communication. However, the trade-off of success probability and amplification gain should be further improved. We propose a single-photon polarization qubit amplification using weak measurement. The polarization qubit can be amplified by the pre- and post-selection of the single-photon meter state weakly coupling with the input state. The success probability does not decrease asymptotically to 0 with increasing amplification gain in the presented proposal, and is higher than that in entanglement-based schemes, without coincidence detection required. Our proposal is feasible in current technology, and helpful for near-future quantum communication.
Single-photon entanglement (SPE) is an important source in quantum communication. In this paper, we put forward a single-photon-assisted noiseless linear amplification protocol to protect the SPE of an arbitrary polarization–time-bin qudit from the photon transmission loss caused by the practical channel noise. After the amplification, the fidelity of the SPE can be effectively increased. Meanwhile, the encoded polarization–time-bin features of the qudit can be well preserved. The protocol can be realized under the current experimental conditions. Moreover, the amplification protocol can be extended to resist complete photon loss and partial photon loss during the photon transmission. After the amplification, we can not only increase the fidelity of the target state, but also solve the decoherence problem simultaneously. Based on the above features, our amplification protocol may be useful in future quantum communication.
We propose an effective protocol for preparation of four-photon polarization-entangled decoherence-free states with quantum nondemolition detectors. The protocol is based on optical elements, single polarization photons, and cross-Kerr nonlinearity, which are feasible with existing experimental technology. Compared with previous protocols, the present one is to replace the entangled-state resources with much simpler single-photon resources and has a higher success probability. All these advantages make this protocol more efficient and more convenient than others in the applications in quantum communication.
Heralded noiseless amplification is beneficial in overcoming transmission photon loss in a noisy quantum channel. We propose a single-photon-assisted heralded noiseless amplification protocol of the single-photon entanglement (SPE), where the single-photon qubit has an arbitrary unknown polarization feature. We focus on both the complete and partial photon loss during the transmission process. After the amplification, the parties can recover the pure less-entangled SPE into a maximally entangled SPE and increase its fidelity. Moreover, the polarization feature of the single-photon qubit will be well preserved and not be leaked. Our protocol can be realized under our current experimental condition. Based on the features above, our protocol may be useful in the quantum secure communication schemes that encode information in the polarization degree of freedom of photons.
Photon loss is one of the main obstacles in long-distance quantum communication. In this letter, we put forward a highly efficient recyclable amplification protocol for protecting the single-photon entangled state. Different from all of the existing amplification protocols, by repeating the protocol, the discarded items can be reused to increase the success probability and the distilled new mixed state can be further amplified in a next round to increase its fidelity. In particular, this protocol is quite useful under high photon loss conditions. These features make our amplification protocol useful in future long-distance quantum communications.