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Applied Optics

Asymmetric double-image encryption via wavelength multiplexing

Yabin Zhang, Xiong Zhang, Mingguang Shan, Zhi Zhong, Bin Liu, Lei Yu, Lei Liu

Published Jan 12, 2022• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose an asymmetric double-image encryption via wavelength multiplexing. First, a novel iterative phase retrieval algorithm, to the best of our knowledge, is developed to encode two images into one complex-valued function via wavelength multiplexing. Then, the function is encoded by equal modulus decomposition (EMD). This cryptosystem not only retains the advantages of EMD but also reduces the number of public keys so as to enhance the resistance to the amplitude-phase retrieval algorithm (APRA). In the decryption, two high-quality decrypted images can be obtained with their corresponding wavelengths. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that wavelength multiplexing is used to achieve high-quality two-image encryption and decryption. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness and robustness of this new method.

DOI
10.1364/ao.449580

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In this paper, we propose an asymmetric double-image encryption via wavelength multiplexing. First, a novel iterative phase retrieval algorithm, to the best of our knowledge, is developed to encode two images into one complex-valued function via wavelength multiplexing. Then, the function is encoded by equal modulus decomposition (EMD). This cryptosystem not only retains the advantages of EMD but also reduces the number of public keys so as to enhance the resistance to the amplitude-phase retrieval algorithm (APRA). In the decryption, two high-quality decrypted images can be obtained with their corresponding wavelengths. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that wavelength multiplexing is used to achieve high-quality two-image encryption and decryption. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness and robustness of this new method.
We propose an asymmetric optical image encryption scheme with silhouette removal by using interference and equal modulus decomposition (EMD). Plaintext is first separated into two complex value masks with the same modulus using EMD in the Fresnel transform domain. The two masks are encoded into four phase-only masks (POMs), two of which are treated as ciphertexts and other two as plaintext-dependent private keys by using the inverse Fresnel transform with different diffraction distances and interference-based encryption. Any information about the plaintext, including its silhouette, cannot be retrieved using one, two, or even three of the four POMs. Our scheme also avoids the constraint of the same modulus in EMD and eliminates the vulnerability against the iterative amplitude-phase attack and advanced iterative amplitude-phase attack. Numerical simulations were used to verify the validity and security of our proposed method.
Abstract The equal modulus decomposition (EMD) is a novel asymmetric cryptosystem based on coherent superposition which was proposed to resist the specific attack. In a subsequent work, the scheme was shown to be vulnerable to specific attack. In this paper, we counter the vulnerability through an encoding technique which uses multiple diffraction intensity pattern recordings as the input to the EMD setup in the gyrator domain. This allows suppression of the random phase mask in the EMD path. As a result, the proposed scheme achieves resistance to specific attack. The simulation results and the security analysis demonstrate that EMD based on multiple intensity pattern recording is an effective optical asymmetric cryptosystem suitable for securing data and images.
A novel asymmetric cryptosystem based on coherent superposition, which is free from silhouette problem, is proposed. Being different from the phase-truncated Fourier transform-based cryptosystem, the encryption process uses equal modulus decomposition (EMD) to create an effective trapdoor one-way function. As a result, the proposed method achieves high robustness against the special attack based on iterative Fourier transform. Simulation results are presented to prove the validity of the proposed system.
Amplitude-phase retrieval attack (APRA) imposes serious threat upon the asymmetric security system cryptosystems based on equal modulus decomposition (EMD). To resolve that security threat, an APRA free asymmetric cryptosystem based on EMD is proposed by using one random amplitude mask AM and one random phase mask PM, where AM is treated as the private key and PM is treated as the public key. First, AM and PM are input into an optical interference architecture to generate two phase masks. Then, encrypting the plaintext results in one complex-valued cyphertext via EMD with the two-phase masks generated in the first step. This proposed cryptosystem is asymmetric, in which the encryption process is conducted digitally without iteration computation and the decryption procedure are simply accomplished using digital or optical methods. Moreover, constraints are decreased so that APRA does not work for this cryptosystem. Results of the simulation are displayed to verify the suggested cryptosystem's security and feasibility.
A double-image encryption technique that based on an asymmetric algorithm is proposed. In this method, the encryption process is different from the decryption and the encrypting keys are also different from the decrypting keys. In the nonlinear encryption process, the images are encoded into an amplitude cyphertext, and two phase-only masks (POMs) generated based on phase truncation are kept as keys for decryption. By using the classical double random phase encoding (DRPE) system, the primary images can be collected by an intensity detector that located at the output plane. Three random POMs that applied in the asymmetric encryption can be safely applied as public keys. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the validity and security of the proposed protocol.
We propose a novel nonlinear image-encryption scheme based on a Gerchberg-Saxton (G-S) phase-retrieval algorithm in the Fresnel transform domain. The decryption process can be performed using conventional double random phase encoding (DRPE) architecture. The encryption is realized by applying G-S phase-retrieval algorithm twice, which generates two asymmetric keys from intermediate phases. The asymmetric keys are generated in such a way that decryption is possible optically with a conventional DRPE method. Due to the asymmetric nature of the keys, the proposed encryption process is nonlinear and offers enhanced security. The cryptanalysis has been carried out, which proves the robustness of proposed scheme against known-plaintext, chosen-plaintext, and special attacks. A simple optical setup for decryption has also been suggested. Results of computer simulation support the idea of the proposed cryptosystem.