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IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS)

Passive Eavesdropping Attack of Several Intruders on Deterministic Protocol with Pairs of Entangled Qubits

Yevhen Vasiliu, Тетяна Охріменко, Andriy Fesenko, Serhii Dorozhynskyi

Published Sep 22, 2021• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work presented an analysis of the passive eavesdropping attack of two intruders on the original pingpong protocol with pairs of entangled qubits. A general recursive expression is obtained for the probability of detecting an attack made by random intruders number. It is shown that an increase in the number of intruders in a quantum channel leads to an increase in the probability of their attack detection by legitimate users.

DOI
10.1109/idaacs53288.2021.9660851

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This work presented an analysis of the passive eavesdropping attack of two intruders on the original pingpong protocol with pairs of entangled qubits. A general recursive expression is obtained for the probability of detecting an attack made by random intruders number. It is shown that an increase in the number of intruders in a quantum channel leads to an increase in the probability of their attack detection by legitimate users.
In this paper the analyses of the eavesdropping attack of two or more eavesdroppers on the original ping-pong protocol with entangled pairs of qubits is carried out. General recursive expression for probability d of attack detection for any number n of eavesdroppers that allows to calculate this probability through the corresponding probability when n – 1 eavesdroppers attack is obtained. It is shown that an increase in the number of attackers in the quantum channel leads to an increase in the probability of detecting these attacks by legitimate users. The expressions for the maximum eavesdroppers' amount of information during a consistent attack of two and three eavesdroppers are obtained. It is indicated that the maximum eavesdroppers' amount of information determined by the same expression as in the case of one eavesdropper's attack, only the value of d is varying. It is shown that the ping-pong protocol with pairs of entangled qubits is vulnerable to eavesdropping attack of several eavesdroppers not more than to one eavesdropper's attack.
This work presents an analysis of a sequential passive eavesdropping attack by two eavesdroppers on the ping-pong protocol employing three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled states. An analytical expression is derived for the probability of attack detection by legitimate users. It is shown that increasing the number of eavesdroppers in the quantum channel leads to a higher probability of attack detection. Expressions are also obtained for the maximum amount of information that two eavesdroppers can gain during their sequential passive attack. The analysis demonstrates that the ping-pong protocol with GHZ triplets is no more vulnerable to passive eavesdropping by two adversaries than it is to an attack by a single one. The results can be generalized to ping-pong protocols based on n-qubit GHZ states for arbitrary values of n\boldsymbol{n}n.
In this paper has been analyzed the eavesdropping attackof two eavesdroppers on the ping-pong protocol withthree-qubit entangled Greenberger – Horne – Zeilingerstates. The expression for probability of attack detectionby legitimate users at attack of two eavesdroppers dependingon probabilities of detection them attacks separatelyare obtained. It is shown that an increase in thenumber of attackers in the quantum channel leads to anincrease in the probability of detecting these attacks bylegitimate users. The expressions for the maximum eavesdroppers'amount of information during a consistentattack of two eavesdroppers on the ping-pong protocolwith GHZ-triplets are obtained. It is indicated that themaximum eavesdroppers' amount of information determinedby the same expression as in the case of oneeavesdropper's attack, only the expression for the probabilityof attack detection is changed. It is shown that theping-pong protocol with GHZ-triplets is vulnerable toeavesdropping attack of two eavesdroppers not morethan to one eavesdropper's attack. It is shown that resultsof paper could be extend to the ping-pong protocols withn-qubit GHZ-states at any n.
Quantum secure direct communication protocols offer confidential transmission of classic information over quantum channel without prior key agreement. The ping-pong based protocols provide asymptotic security and detailed analysis of security level provided by each variant of the protocol is required. The paper presents a general method of calculation of the eavesdropped information as a function of the attack detection probability. The method is applied to the ping-pong protocol based on completely entangled pairs of qudits. The upper and lower bounds on the amount of the leaked information and eavesdropping detection probability are provided.
Quantum secure direct communication protocols offer confidential transmission of classic information over the quantum channel without a prior key agreement. The ping-pong based protocols provide asymptotic security and detailed analysis of the security level provided by each variant of the protocol is required. The paper presents a general method of calculation of the eavesdropped information as a function of the attack detection probability. The method is applied to the ping-pong protocol based on completely entangled pairs of qudits. The lower and upper bound on the amount of the leaked information is provided.
A new quantum secret sharing protocol based on the ping-pong protocol of quantum secure direct communication is proposed. The pairs of entangled qutrits are used in protocol, which allows an increase in the information capacity compared with protocols based on entangled qubits. The detection of channel eavesdropping used in the protocol is being implemented in random moments of time, thereby it is possible do not use the significant amount of quantum memory. The security of the proposed protocol to attacks is considered. A method for additional amplification of the security to an eavesdropping attack in communication channels for the developed protocol is proposed.